Chapter 5: Energy and Ecosystems

Question 1

transpiration

Answer 1

the loss of water from a leaf through the stomata

Question 2

photosynthesis

Answer 2

the process in which plants make food by using water from the soil, carbon dioxide from the air, and every from sunlight

Question 3

chlorophyll

Answer 3

a green pigment that allows a plant to absorb the sun’s light energy

Question 4

producer

Answer 4

a living thing, such as a plant, that makes its own food

Question 5

consumer

Answer 5

an animal that eats plants, other animals, or both

Question 6

ecosystem

Answer 6

a community of organisms and the environment in which they live

Question 7

herbivore

Answer 7

an animal that eats only producers

Question 8

carnivore

Answer 8

an animal that eats other animals; also called a second-level consumer

Question 9

food chain

Answer 9

the transfer of food energy between organisms in an ecosystem

Question 10

decomposer

Answer 10

a consumer that obtains food energy by breaking down the remains of dead plants and animals

Question 11

food web

Answer 11

a diagram that shows the relationships between different food chains in an ecosystem

Question 12

energy pyramid

Answer 12

a diagram that shows how much food energy is passed from each level in a food chain to the next