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1413 Exam 1 > Chapter 5- Evidence Based Practice > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Evidence Based Practice Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

EBP

A

Evidence-Based Practice

Make effective, timely, and appropriate clinical decisions in response to the broad political, professional, and societal forces

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2
Q

Steps of Evidence Based Practice

A

7 Steps:

  1. Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
  2. Ask a clinical question in PICOT format
  3. Search for the most relevant and best evidence
  4. Critically appraise the evidence you gather
  5. Integrate all Evidence with your clinical expertise and patient preferences and values
  6. Evaluate the outcomes of practice decisions, or changes using evidence
  7. Share the outcomes of EBP changes with others
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3
Q

PICOT

A 
P: Patient Population of Interest 
I: Intervention of Interest 
C: Comparison 
I: Outcome 
T:Time 
Example: 
Do patients (P) who listen to music (I) achieve better control of their anxiety and pain (O) after surgery (T) when compared with patients who receive standard nursing care following surgery (C)
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4
Q

Peer reviewed

A

Article is reviewed for accuracy, validity, and rigor and approved for publication by experts before it is published

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5
Q

Clinical guidelines

A

Systematically developed statements about a plan of care for a specific set of clinical guidelines involving a specific patient population

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6
Q

Meta-analysis

A

The researcher uses statistics to show the effect of an intervention on an outcome

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7
Q

Systematic review

A

No statistics are used to draw conclusions about the evidence

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8
Q

RCT

A

Randomized control trials

Gold standard for research

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9
Q

Evidence-based articles

Abstract

A

Brief summary that quickly tells you if the article is research or clinically based

Summarizes the purpose of the article

Includes major themes or findings

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10
Q

Evidence-based Articles

Introduction

A

More information about the purpose of the article.

Usually brief supporting evidence as to why the topic is important

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11
Q

Evidence-based Articles

Literature review or background

A

Detailed background

Offers an argument

Section is very valuable

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12
Q

Manuscript Narrative

A

“Middle Section” or narrative

Describes a clinical topic (includes a description of a patient population, the nature of a certain disease or health alteration, how patients are affected, and the appropriate nursing therapies)

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13
Q

Subjection

Purpose Statement

A

Explains the focus or intent of a study

Research questions (hypotheses) 
Predictions made about the relationship or differences among study variables (concepts, characteristics, or traits that vary within or among subjects)
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14
Q

Methods or Designs

A

Explains how a research study was organized and conducted to answer the research question or test the hypothesis

Explains the type of study that was conducted and the amount of subjects of people who participated

Method section is sometimes confusing

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15
Q

Results or Conclusions

A

Clinical and research articles have a summary section

Author explains the clinical implications for the topic presented

Details the results of the study and explains whether a hypothesis is supported or how a research question is answered

Includes a statistical analysis if it is a quantitive research study

Qualitative study summarizes the descriptive themes and ideas that arise from the researcher’s analysis of data

Discusses limitations, information on limitations is valuable

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16
Q

Clinical Implications

A

Includes a section that explains if the findings from the study have clinical implications.

Explains how to apply findings in a practice setting

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17
Q

Performance Improvement (PI)

A

A pilot study is a small-scale research study if one that includes a quality

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18
Q

Nursing Research

A

Way to identify new knowledge, improve professional education and practice, and using nursing and health care resources effectively

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19
Q

Scientific Method

A

Is the foundation of research and the most reliable and objective of all methods of gaining knowledge

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20
Q

Quantitative Nursing Research

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A

Offers precise measurement and quantification.

Precise, systematic, objective examination of specific concepts

Focuses on numerical data, statistical analysis, controls to eliminate bias findings

21
Q

Quantitative Research

Experimental research

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A

RCT

Random assign to to either a control or treatment group

Treatment group receives the experimental intervention

Control group receives usual standard of care

Controlled trials without randomization are studies that test interventions

22
Q

Quantitative Research

Nonexperimental Research

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A

Descriptive studies describe, explain, or predict phenomena

Case control study is one in which researchers study one group of subjects with a certain condition as the same time as another group of subjects who do not have the condition

Determines if there is an associated between one or more predictor values and the condition

Conducted retrospectively, or after the fact

Involves a small number of subjects, creating s risk of bias

23
Q

Quantitative Research

Nonexperimental Research

Correctional

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A

Studies describe the relationship between two variables

Determines if two variables are correlated or associated with some another and to what extent

24
Q

Quantitative Research

Surveys

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A

Are common

Obtain information regarding frequency,distribution, and interrelation if variables among subjects in one study

Obtain information about practices, perceptions, educations, experience, opinions, and other characteristics of people

Most basic function is description

Gathers large amount of data to describe the population and the topic of study

Important that the population sampled is large enough to keep sampling error at a minimum

25
Quantitative Research Evaluation Research
Determines how well a program, practice, procedure, or policy is working Example: outcomes research Determines why a program or some components of the program are successful or unsuccessful
26
Types of Research Historical Research
Studies designed to establish facts and relationships concerning past events Example: study examining the societal factors that led to the acceptance of advanced practice nurses by patients
27
Types of Research Exploratory Research
Initial study designed to develop or refine the dimensions of phenomena (facts or events) or to develop or refine a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena Example: pilot study testing the benefits of a new exercise program for older adults with dementia
28
Types of Research Evaluation Research
Study that tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working Example: study measuring the outcomes of an information campaign designed to improve parents' ability to follow immunization schedules for their children
29
Types of Research Descriptive Research
Study that measures characteristics of people, situations, or groups and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur Example: study to examine RN's biases toward caring for obese patients
30
Types of Research Experimental Research
Study in which the investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions to test the variable Example: RCT comparing chlorhexidine with Betadine in reducing the incidence of IV-site phlebitis
31
Types of Research Correlational Research
Study that explores the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher. Example: study examining the relationship between RN's educational levels and their satisfaction in the nursing role
32
Example of a Randomized Controlled Trial Research Question
Will an educational program for patients at risk for diabetes compared with a traditional educational pamphlet improve parent's blood glucose level and weight control
33
Example of a Randomized Controlled Trial Subjects
130 adult patients with risk factors for diabetes who visit a local medicine clinic
34
Example of a Randomized Controlled Trial Randomization
Patients are randomly assigned to one of two groups using random-numbers table
35
Example of a Randomized Controlled Trial Treatment Group
65 patients attend an 8-hour class on diabetes prevention, with group discussion, lecture, and interactive computer program use
36
Example of a Randomized Controlled Trial Control Group
65 patients receive a printed pamphlet outlining risks for diabetes and health promotion strategies
37
Example of a Randomized Controlled Trial Outcome Measure
Both groups have blood glucose levels and weight measured before receiving education and every month for 3 months after receiving education
38
Example of a Randomized Controlled Trial Analysis
Statistical tests comparing the blood glucose levels and weight for the two groups will demonstrate if the treatment group shows significant improvements in blood glucose levels and weight as predicted
39
Qualitative Research
Study of phenomena that are difficult to quantify or categorize such as patients' perceptions of illness or quality of life Information obtained in a nonnumeric form Aim to understand patients' experiences with health problems Findings are in depth because patients are usually very descriptive Inductive reasoning The discovery and understanding of important behavioral characteristics or phenomena Ethnography, phenomenology, and ground theory
40
Research Process
Orderly series of steps that allow a researcher to move from asking the question for finding the answer
41
Informed Consent
Research subjects are given full and complete information about the purpose of a study, procedures, data collection, potential harm and benefits, and alternative methods of treatment Are capable of fully understanding the research and implications of participation Have the power of free choice to voluntarily consent or decline participation in the research Understand how the researcher maintains confidentiality or anonymity
42
Confidentiality
Guarantees that any information a subject provides will not be reported in any matter that identifies the subject and will not be accessible to people outside the research team
43
Assessment
Identify area of interest or clinical problem Review literature Formulate theoretical framework Reflect on personal practice and/or discuss clinical issues with experts to better define the problem
44
Diagnosis
Develop research question(s)/hypotheses
45
Planning
Determine how study will be conducted : - Select research design/methodology - identify plan to recruit sample, taking into consideration population, number, and assignment to groups - Identify study variables: specific interventions (independent variable) and outcomes (dependent variables). - Select data collection method - Select approach for measuring outcomes: questionnaires, surveys, physiological measures, interviews, observations. - Formulate plan to analyze data: statistical methods to answer research questions/hypotheses
46
Implementation
Conduct the study: - Obtain necessary approvals - Recruit and enroll subjects - Implement the study protocol/collect data
47
Evaluation
Analyze results of the study: - Continually analyze study methodology. Is study consistently carried out ? Are all investigators follow study protocol? - Interpret demographics of study population - Analyze data to answer each research question/hypothesis - Interpret results, including conclusions, limitations Use of the findings: - Formulate recommendations for further research - Determine implications for nursing - Disseminate the findings: presentations, publications, need for further study, how to apply findings in practice
48
Problem-focused Trigger
One you face while caring for a patient or a trend you see on a nursing unit Example: patients following abdominal surgery he wonders, "if we changed our patients' activity levels after surgery, would they experience fewer episodes of postoperative ileus?" Include the increasing number of patient falls or incidence of urinary tract infections on a nursing unit. Such trends lead you to ask, "How can I reduce falls in my unit?" Or "What is the best way to prevent urinary tract infections on post operations patients?"
49
Knowledge-Focused Triggered Question
Question regarding new information available on a topic Example: What current evidence exists to improve pain management in patients with migraine headaches?

1413 Exam 1 (1 decks)

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