Chapter 5 Family Violence

Question 1

Family Violence

Answer 1

Umbrella term that includes a wide range of behaviours, including physical, sexual, financial and verbal or other emotional abuse between individuals in a number of dyadic relationships: intimates (e.g., spouses and ex spouses, boyfriends/girlfriends and exes); parents and children; siblings; and the elderly and their caregivers, including their children.

(Page 131)

Question 2

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

Answer 2

Intentional use of physical force against an intimate partner (boyfriend/girlfriend, spouse, or ex); it has been around forever but has only been acknowledged for around the past 30 years.

(Page 132)

Question 3

Conflict Tactics Scale

Answer 3

An instrument to measure violence; spans a range of behaviors, including reasoning, verbal aggression, and physical aggression or violence.

(Page 139)

Question 4

Patriarchy, Patriarchal

Answer 4

Refers to the inequity of power held by males over females. The term comes from the Greek word for patriarch or father as ruler. This idea proposes that the subjugation of women by men is built into the organization of society.

(Page 140)

Question 5

Intergenerational Transmission of Violence Theory

Answer 5

Sometimes referred to as the cycle of violence; contends that those who experience and/or witness violence as children are more likely to become violent in adulthood compared with children who do not experience or witness violence.

(Page 140)

Question 6

Cycle of Violence

Answer 6

The idea that those who experience and/or witness violence as children are more likely to become violent in adulthood compared with children who do not experience or witness violence.

(Page 140)

Question 7

Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)

Answer 7

Intended to improve criminal justice and community-based responses to intimate partner violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking.

(Page 143)

Question 8

Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment

Answer 8

The first large-scale experiment to test the deterrent effects of arrest on batterers; it began in 1981.

(Page 143)

Question 9

Deterrence Theory

Answer 9

The perspective that criminal behaviour can be prevented by the threat of formal and informal sanctions.

(Page 143)

Question 10

Specific Deterrence Argument

Answer 10

Contends that offenders who are arrested and punished for a specific behaviour will be less likely to behave in the same way in the future.

(Page 143)

Question 11

Mandatory Arrest

Answer 11

Requires police to detain a perpetrator when there is probable cause that an assault or battery has occurred or if a restraining order is violated, regardless of a victim’s consent or protestations.

(Page 144)

Question 12

Spouse Assault Replication Program (SARP)

Answer 12

Published findings of replications of the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment study in six cities funded by the National Institute of Justice. Interestingly, the findings did not uniformly find that arrest was an effective deterrent in spouse assault cases.

(Page 144)

Question 13

Procedural Justice

Answer 13

Contends that conformity to group rules is as much about having fair procedures in place as it is about fair or favourable outcomes.

(Page 144)

Question 14

Victim Empowerment

Answer 14

Means that victims’ rights and wishes are factored into the process of administering justice.

(Page 145)

Question 15

Kenosha Domestic Abuse Intervention Project

Answer 15

A mandatory arrest law in Wisconsin; data from the project indicates that after the law went into effect, women experienced a 12-fold increase in arrests, while the number of men arrested doubled during the same time period.

(Page 145)

Question 16

Civil Protection Orders (CPOs)

Answer 16

Generally offer victims a temporary judicial injunction that directs an assailant to stop battering, threatening, or harming a victim.

(Page 146)

Question 17

Fatality Review Teams

Answer 17

Brings together a variety of members from various groups that have an interest in preventing intimate partner violence and may include law enforcement officers, judges, defence and prosecuting attorneys, victim advocates, mental health workers, county coroners, and survivors, among others.

(Page 149)

Question 18

Same-Sex Unions

Answer 18

Marriage outside of heterosexual relationships.

Page 149

Question 19

Cyberstalking

Answer 19

Stalking that is conducted with the use of technology, such as computers or cell phones.

(Page 150)

Question 20

Child Abuse

Answer 20

When physical violence is used on a child.

Page 153)

Question 21

National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS)

Answer 21

A National survey that monitored victimization; it was replaced with the NCVS.

(Page 154)

Question 22

Postpartum Psychosis

Answer 22

Covers a group of mental illnesses with sudden onset of psychotic symptoms following childbirth.

(Page 156)

Question 23

National Family Violence Survey (NFVS)

Answer 23

One of three large, nationally representative surveys that have estimated the annual rates of intimate partner violence.

(Page 156)

Question 24

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act

Answer 24

Established the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect under the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

(Page 157)

Question 25

Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980

Answer 25

Intended to prevent unwarranted removal of children from their families by making “reasonable efforts” to keep families together or to unify families in a timely manner if placement cannot not be avoided. (Page 157)

Question 26

Family Preservation and Support Services Act of 1993

Answer 26

Mandated expansion of the services available to strengthen families and provided additional supports for children who must be placed outside the home. (Page 157)

Question 27

Child and Family Services Improvement and Innovation Act of 201

Answer 27

Authorized grants to states in order to provide services to children and their families (designed to prevent child abuse and neglect) as well as funding for grants to provide training and support to ensure a well-qualified child welfare workforce. (Page 157)

Question 28

Child Protective Services (CPS)

Answer 28

A division located in each state that is mandated to protect and remove children from abusive situations. (Page 157)

Question 29

Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK)

Answer 29

An intervention program that requires pediatricians to conduct a risk assessment during routine primary care services and requires that physicians receive training to better help them identify and address the risk factors for abuse and neglect. SEEK also provides informational resources for parents and physicians and social work services for families who desire them. (Page 158)

Question 30

Elder Abuse

Answer 30

One of the most recent types of family violence to be acknowledged as a social problem; includes physical abuse, psychological abuse, material or financial exploitation, and neglect. (Page 158)

Question 31

Older Americans Act

Answer 31

The first piece of national legislation that expressed society’s commitment to protect vulnerable older Americans. (Page 159)

Question 32

Vulnerable Elder Rights Protection Act

Answer 32

Expanded the Older Americans Act to include mandates for the prevention of elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation. (Page 159)

Question 33

Elder Justice Act (EJA)

Answer 33

Passed by Congress in 2010; this federal legislation is the first to comprehensively attempt to address elder abuse. (Page 159)

Question 34

Adult Protective Services (APS)

Answer 34

The division of each state’s government that is responsible for investigating reports of elder abuse and for the provision of social services to help victims and ameliorate abuse; in most jurisdictions, these services also pertain to abused adults who have a disability, vulnerability, or other impairment as defined by state law, not only to older persons. (Page 159)

Question 35

Violence Against Women Act Reauthorization of 2019

Answer 35

The most recent authorization of the original VAWA (1994. | Page 143

Question 36

Stalking

Answer 36

According to the National Institute of Justice, a course of conduct directed at a specific person that involves repeated visual or physical proximity; nonconsensual communication; verbal, written, or implied threats; or a combination thereof that would cause a reasonable person fear, with repeated meaning on two or more occasions. (Page 150)

Question 37

Primary Aggressor

Answer 37

Allows officers to distinguish between a person who is a victim (largely using violence to defend themselves) and the abuser. (Page 146)