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CNUR 803 > Chapter 5 Fluid and Electrolytes Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Fluid and Electrolytes Acids and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

What is total body water

A

The total volume of of fluid within all body compartments

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2
Q

How much of water does icF make up

A

2/3

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3
Q

Function of ICF

A

Functions as a medium for cellular process and nutrias transport

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4
Q

Extracellular fluid composes of how much of tbw

A

1/3

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5
Q

How much of weight does the body water hold in the body

A

60%

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6
Q

Hydroprastic Pressure

A

Pushes outward from the capillary

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7
Q

Osmotic oncotic pressure

A

pulls water inward into the capillary

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8
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure (BP)

A

Promotes water movement from the capillary to the interstitial place

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9
Q

Capillary oncotic pressure

A

Draws water back into the capillaryy from the interstitial space

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10
Q

Interstital hydrostatic pressure

A

Move water from the interstitial space back into the capillary

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11
Q

Interstitial oncotic pressure,

A

Pulla water from the capillary into the intersttitital space

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12
Q

Net filtration

A

The combined effect of these pressures determenes fluid across the capillary wall

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13
Q

Starling forces at the arterial

A

Hydrostatic pressure if higher than oncotic pressure favouring fluid moved into the interstitial space

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14
Q

Starling forces in the venous

A

Oncotic pressure is typically greater than hydrostatic pressure drawing fluid back into capillary

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15
Q

If not all fluid is reabsorbed via oncotic pressure how does the fluid not get lost

A

The lymphatic system which takes 10% of fluid carrying back into circulation

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16
Q

Aldosterone function

A

Regulates sodium concentration by promoting reasbsorbtoin of sodium in the kidneys and increases the excretion of potassium

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17
Q

ADH Function

A

Primarily controls water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kiddneys

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18
Q

Region Angiotensin aldosterone system function

A

Low blood volume triggers the release of renein, which connects angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 stimulation aldosterone and ADH release increasing sodium and water reabsorption

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19
Q

Nautriureic peptides

A

Include ANP, BNP and urodilation which promotes vasoldialation

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20
Q

What does ADH do

A

Promotes water reabsorption reducing plasma osmolarity

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21
Q

What triggers thirst

A

Increased plasma osmolality or decreased blood volume

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22
Q

What is hypertonic fluid

A

Alterations occur from when the osmolality of ECH is elevated above normal 294

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23
Q

What is hypotonic fluid

A

Occurs when ECF osmolality is less than 280 or when ECF is less than ICF

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24
Q

Chlorine follows

A

Sodium

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25
What are the main influencers of potassium
Influenced mainly by kidneys lots of urine loss is equivalent to lots of potassium loos also alkalosis
26
What occurs during Acidosis in regards to potassium
Hydrogen moves into cell while potassium moves out contributing to hyperkalemia
27
What occurs during alkalosis in regards to potassium
Potassium shifts into the cells promoting hypokalemia due to increase distal tubular secretion of potassium
28
How does aldosterone effect potassium
Increases potassium excretion by stimulating its release into urine
29
What does insulin due to potassium
Potassium moves into cell helping decrease hyperkalemia
30
What does sodium bicarbonate due to potassium
Moves potassium into cells
31
What systems control calcium and phosphate levles
Parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and Clacoitonin
32
What is the function of calcium
Structural support (bone and teeth) Blood clotting Hormone secretion Cell receptor function Plasmaa membraine stability Nerven impulse transmission Muscle contraction
33
What is the regular calcium levels
2.1-2.6
34
What is hypocalcemia signs and symptoms
Muscle cramps, tetany, numbness seizures, and cardiac dysrhyhtmias
35
Hypercalcemia signs and syntoms
Fatigue, muscle weakness, nasuea, polyuria, kidneyy stones and cardia abnormalities
36
Function of phosphate
Energy production, regulation of biochemical pathways, a buffer for acid bases imbalances increases renal excretion of phosphate while promoting calcium reabsorption via parathyroid hormone Important with Vitamin D3 and calcium and phosphate absorption Lower blood phosphate levels through calcitonin
37
Phosphate level
0.8-1.5
38
Hyperphosphatemia symptoms
Soft tissue calcification, hypocalcemia, muscle cramps and tetany
39
Normal magnesium levels
0.75-0.95
40
Hypermagnesia
May cause decreased neuromuscular excitability can lead to muscle weakness, decreased reflexes and in severe cases respiratory depression
40
Hypomagnesisa
Can lead to increased neuromuscular excitability symptoms include muscle cramps tremors and seizures
41
vOLATILE ACIDS
Weak acids in includes H2co3 and dissociates and eliminated via lungs
42
Nonvolatile acids
includes sulphuric phosphoric and organic acids and are excreted by the kidneys
43
Lungs affect ph by
Eliminating co2
44
Kidneys affect ph by
Excreting nonvolatile acids
45
Bones affect ph by
Utilization of buffering systems
46
What is a buffer
A chemical that can bind excessive h+ or OH- without significant changes in ph
47
What buffering systems are there in the icf
Phosphate and proteins
48
what buffers are there in the ECH
Carbonic acid and hub
49
How does phosphate and ammonia affect buffer
They buffer through the urine
50
What does Carbonic anhydrase do
Facilitates the formation of carbonic acid from co3 and h20
51
Metabolic acidosis causes
Acute:Lactic acidosis, chronic renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, starvation
52
Symptoms of metabolic acidosis
headache lethargy, confusion, coma, kussumaul respirations, anorexia, nausea vommiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort
53
Metabolic alkalosis cAUSES
Hyporcholemic alkalosis: Committing leads to loss of chloride, hyperaldosronism, diuretics
54
Symptoms of Metabolic alkalosis
Weakness, muscle cram hyperactive reflexes tetany confusion convulsions, atrial tachycardia
55
Respiratory acidosis causes
Depression of respiratory centre, respiratory muscles paralysis, chest wall disorders lung disorders
56
Respiratory acidosis symptoms
Headache blurred vision, breathlessness, restlessness, laethargy convulsion coma
57
Respiratory Alkalosis Causes
Hypoxemia, hyper metabolic states, Early salicylate intoxication hysteria, cirrhosis, sepsisC
58
Symptoms of Metabolic acidosis
Dizziness confusion parenthesis convulsions coma, cerebral vasoconstriction
59
Fill in the blank: the osmolatiy of the intracellular fluid is typically ,,, the extracellular fluid because water cross cell membranes (with difficult, freely)
The same as Freely
60
Thirst prompts fluid intake through the action of (baroreceptors, osmoreceptors) located in the (hypothalamus, posterior pituitary(
Osmoreceptors Hypothalmus
61
Fluid moves out of the capillaries by (osmosis, filtration) and into or out of the cells by (osmosis, filtration)
Filtration Osmosis
62
What are aquaporins
Proteins that serve as water channels in cell membranes
63
Who has a greater percentage of body water lean or fat ppl
Lean
64
Who has a greater percentage of TBW babies or adolescent
Babies
65
who has greater tbw if all things are equal Male or female
Male
66
If all is same who has greater tbw old man or younger man
Younger man
67
Where is the potassium ion greater ICF or ECF
ICF
68
Where is the sodium ion greater ICF or ECF
ECF
69
Which is greater the respiratory rate during metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
70
What hormone is activated during low calcium levels
Parathyroid Hormone
71
Why does the parathyroid inhibits phosphate
Because phosphate decreases calium levels
72
What triggers Atrial Nautreitic peptisde
Increased volume in the cardiac atria
73
What does atrial natriuetic peptide do
Increases renal sodium and Walter reasbosorbtion, increases renal excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions
74
What does calcitonin do
Inhibits osteoclast in the bone in turn decreasingg calcium levels
75
What triggers calcitonin
High protein levles
76
What triggers ADH
Increased plasma osmolarity decreased arterial blood pressure

CNUR 803 (12 decks)

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