Chapter 5-Formulae and Equations

Question 1

When naming a compound of a metal and non-metal, what changes the last part of its name to ‘ide’?

Answer 1

The non-metal changes the last part of its name to ‘ide’ e.g. sulphur becomes sulphide.

Question 2

What is a radical?

Answer 2

A group of atoms combined together

Question 3

What does a radical ending in ‘ate’ contain?

Answer 3

Oxygen

Question 4

What does hydroxide contain?

Answer 4

Hydrogen and oxygen

Question 5

Which elements are diatomic?

Answer 5

Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen

Question 6

What is valency?

Answer 6

The combining power of elements to form a compound (number of hooks)

Question 7

What is the valency of group 1?

Answer 7

1

Question 8

What is the valency of group 2?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

What is the valency of group 3?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

What is the valency of group 4?

Answer 10

4

Question 11

What is the valency of group 5?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

What is the valency of group 6?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

What is the valency of group 7?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

What is the valency of group 0 (8)?

Answer 14

0

Question 15

What is the valency of all transition metals except silver?

Answer 15

2 (silver has a valency of 1)

Question 16

If the valency of the transition metals varies, what is used?

Answer 16

Roman numerals are used to tell you the valency

Question 17

What is the formula and valency of carbonate?

Answer 17

Formula: CO3
Valency: 2

Question 18

What is the formula and valency of sulphate?

Answer 18

Formula: SO4
Valency: 2

Question 19

What is the formula and valency of nitrate?

Answer 19

Formula: NO3
Valency: 1

Question 20

What is the formula and valency of hydroxide?

Answer 20

Formula: OH
Valency: 1

Question 21

What is the formula and valency of ammonium?

Answer 21

Formula: NH4
Valency: 1

Question 22

What is the formula and valency of phosphate?

Answer 22

Formula: PO4
Valency: 3

Question 23

Give the formulae of the following acids:
Sulphuric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid

Answer 23

H2SO4
HCl
HNO3

Question 24

Give the formulae of the following oxides:
Carbon monoxide 
Carbon dioxide 
Sulphur dioxide 
Sulphur trioxide

Answer 24

CO
CO2
SO2
SO3

Question 25

What is the formula of ammonia?

Answer 25

NH3

Question 26

What are the big numbers written in front of formulae called?

Answer 26

Coefficients

Question 27

What are the smaller numbers written slightly lower on the line called?

Answer 27

Subscripts

Question 28

What is the difference between coefficients and subscripts?

Answer 28

Coefficients represent separate atoms whereas subscripts mean that the atoms are joined together in a molecule. E.g. 2Cl = 2 separate chlorine atoms Cl2= 2 chlorine atoms joined together

Question 29

What does a small, subscript number in a formula only apply to?

Answer 29

It only applies to the atom immediately before it in the formula.

Question 30

If there are brackets in a formula, what does the subscript outside the bracket refer to?

Answer 30

Everything inside the bracket | E.g. Ca (OH)2 = 1 calcium, 2 oxygen and 2 hydrogen

Question 31

# Fill in the blanks: Atoms are not ______ or _______ in chemical reactions.

Answer 31

created, destroyed

Question 32

Why must there be the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation?

Answer 32

Atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions.

Question 33

What is the state symbol for a solid?

Answer 33

s

Question 34

What is the state symbol for a liquid?

Answer 34

l

Question 35

What is the state symbol for a gas?

Answer 35

g

Question 36

What is the state symbol for aqueous solutions?

Answer 36

aq

Question 37

What is an aqueous solution?

Answer 37

An aqueous solution is formed when something is dissolved in water.

Question 38

What is the physical state of all acids?

Answer 38

aqueous solution (aq)

Question 39

Give the equation for the general reaction between an acid and metal hydroxide.

Answer 39

acid + metal hydroxide —> salt and water

Question 40

Give the equation for the general reaction between an acid and metal oxide.

Answer 40

acid + metal oxide —> salt + water

Question 41

Give the equation for the general reaction between an acid and metal.

Answer 41

acid + metal —> salt + hydrogen

Question 42

Give the equation for the general reaction between an acid and metal carbonate.

Answer 42

acid + metal carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 43

Give the equation for the general reaction between metal 1 salt 1 and metal 2 salt 2.

Answer 43

metal 1 salt 1 + metal 2 salt 2 —> metal 2 salt 1 + metal 1 salt 2