Chapter 5 Glossary

Question 1

AIDS

Answer 1

abbreviation for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Question 2

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Answer 2

a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system; caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 3

antiseptics

Answer 3

chemical germicides formulated for use on skin; registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

note USA publication

Question 4

asymptomatic

Answer 4

“showing no symptoms or signs of infection”

subclinical in vetmed

Question 5

bacteria

Answer 5

“single-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics; some bacteria are harmful, some are harmeless”

some are beneficial, but the book doesn’t say that

Question 6

bacterial spores

Answer 6

“bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows them to withstand very harsh environments and to shed the coating when conditions become more favourable to them.”

eg:
clostridium tetani (tetanus)
bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
clostridium botulinum (botulism)

Question 7

bactericidal

Answer 7

capable of destroying bacteria

Question 8

biofilms

Answer 8

“colonies og microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces as well of the human body.”

commonly found in the shower drain and the human mouth.

Question 9

bloodborne pathogens

Answer 9

“disease-causing microganisms carried int he body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV”

Question 10

chelating soaps

Answer 10

“also known as chelating detergents.” soaps containing chelating agents.

chelating agents are substances that “break down stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts, and masks” also know as chelating detergents”

Question 11

cleaning

Answer 11

a mechanical process using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs; cleaning also removes invisible debris that interferes with disinfection; cleaning is what beauty professionals are required to do before disinfecting

Question 12

communicable

Answer 12

“able to be communicable; transferable by contact from one person to another as in a communicable disease”

aka contagious disease

Question 13

contagious disease

Answer 13

“also known as communicable disease; disease that is capable of being spread from one person to another”

Question 14

contamination

Answer 14

“the presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentiall infectious materials on an item’s surface or visible debris or resides such as dust, hair, and skin”

Question 15

diagnosis

Answer 15

“determination of the nature of a disease from its sumptoms and/or diagnostic tests; federfal regulations prohibit salon professionals from performing a diagnosis”

Question 15

direct transmission

Answer 15

“transmission of pathogesn through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, counghing, sneezing, and talking”

Question 16

disease

Answer 16

“an abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function”

Question 17

disinfectants

Answer 17

“chemical products approved by the EPA designed to destroy the most bacteria (excluding spores), fungi, and viruses on surfaces”

Question 18

disinfection

Answer 18

a chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms (except the bacterial spores) on environmental surfaces.

Question 19

efficacy

Answer 19

the ability of a product to produce the intended effect; on a disinfectant label, it indicates the specific pathogens destroyed or disabled when used properly

Question 20

exposure incident

Answer 20

contact with non-intact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infections materials, which is the result of the performance of an employee’s duties

Question 21

fungi

Answer 21

single-celled organisms that grow in irregular masses and include molds, mildews, and yeasts; they can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm and athelete’s foot

Question 22

fungicidal

Answer 22

capable of destroying molds and fungi

Question 23

hepatitis

Answer 23

a bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver

Question 24

HSV

Answer 24

Herpes Simplex Virus

Question 25

herpes simplex virus

Answer 25

an inflammatory disease of the skin caused by a viral infection and characterized by small visvles in clusters

Question 26

HIV

Answer 26

human immunodeficiency virus

Question 27

human immunodeficiency virus

Answer 27

virus that causes HIV disease and progresses to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Question 28

HPV

Answer 28

human papilloma virus

Question 29

human papilloma virus

Answer 29

virus that can infect the bottom of the foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups; also a cutaneous viral infection commonly contracted through sexual transmission and exhibited by genital warts

Question 30

indirect transmission

Answer 30

"transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such a s a razor, extractor, or environmental surface" contaminated inanimate objects are known as fomites.

Question 31

infection

Answer 31

the invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens

Question 32

infection control

Answer 32

the methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms from one individual to another

Question 33

infectious

Answer 33

caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection

Question 34

infectious disease

Answer 34

disease caused by pathogenic (harmful( microorganisms that enter the body; an infectious disease may or may not spread drom one person to another person

Question 35

inflammation

Answer 35

a condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection; characterised by redness, heat, pain, swelling.

Question 36

local infection

Answer 36

an infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus

Question 37

MRSA

Answer 37

methicillin-resistant staphulococcus aureus

Question 38

methicillin-resistant staphulococcus aureus

Answer 38

a type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics

Question 39

microorganism

Answer 39

any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size

Question 40

mildew

Answer 40

a type of fungus that affects plants or growns on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the barbershop or nail salon.

Question 41

multiuse

Answer 41

also known as reusable; items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or bodily fluid

Question 42

mycobacterium

Answer 42

a large family of bacteria that is often found in soil and water

Question 43

nonpathogenic

Answer 43

harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with as they do not cause disease or harm

Question 44

nonporous

Answer 44

an item that is made of material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids

Question 45

occupational disease

Answer 45

illness resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and preated overexposure to certain products or ingredients

Question 46

parasites

Answer 46

"organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or inside another organism (referred to as the host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. parasites must have a host to survive." this last line is absolutely incorrect. many if not all parasites can survive without a host for at least a short period of time, and some can exist in the environment independently of a host for very long periods of time. What they cannot do without a host is thrive and/or successfully complete their lifecycle.

Question 47

parasitic disease

Answer 47

"disease caused by parasites, such as lice and mites" Second half of this sentence is categroically false. Lice and mites are not parasitic diseases, nor do they cause them. lice and mites are ecto-parasites which do not cause illness, they merely weeken their hosts by feeding from them. They can kill vulnerable small creatures by causing anemia or hypovolemia due to blood loss. When a host has lice or mites, it's not a parasitic infection, it is an INFESTATION. Examples of parasitic infection include Lyme disease or anaplasmosis from ticks, malaria or Zika from mosquitos, coccidiosis from coccidia.

Question 48

pathogenic

Answer 48

harmful miccrooranisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body

Question 49

pathogenic disease

Answer 49

disease produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites

Question 50

pediculosis capitis

Answer 50

INFESTATION of the hair and scalp with head lice

Question 51

phenolic disinfectants

Answer 51

tuberculocidal disinfectants that are a form of formaldehyde, have very high pH, and can damage the skin and eyes

Question 52

porous

Answer 52

made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings; porous items are absorbent

Question 53

pus

Answer 53

"a fluid created by infection" aka purulence, purulent discharge

Question 54

quats

Answer 54

quaternary ammonium compounds

Question 55

quaternary ammonium compounds

Answer 55

designed for disinfection of nonporous surface; they are appropriate for use in noncritical (noninvasive) environments and are effective agaainst most pathogens of concern in the salon, spa, or barbershop environment

Question 56

ringworm

Answer 56

a fungal infection that appears in circular lesions

Question 57

sanitation

Answer 57

also known as sanitizing; a chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing microorganisms on cleaned surfaces to a safe level

Question 58

sanitizing

Answer 58

also known as sanitation; a chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing microorganisms on cleaned surfaces to a safe level

Question 59

scabies

Answer 59

a contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite (sarcoptes scabiei), which burrows under the skin

Question 60

sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)

Answer 60

common household bleach; an effective disinfectant for the salon, spa, or barbershop.

Question 61

Standard Precautions

Answer 61

guidelines published by the CDC that require the employer and employee to assume that any human blood or bodily fluids are potentially infectious

Question 62

staphylcocci

Answer 62

pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes; cause abscesses, pustules, and boils

Question 63

sterilization

Answer 63

the process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores

Question 64

systemic infection

Answer 64

an infection where the pathogen has distributed throughout the body rather than staying in one area or organ

Question 65

tinea barbae

Answer 65

also known as barber's itch, a superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin; it is primarily limited the bearded areas of the face and neck or around the scalp

Question 66

tinea capitis

Answer 66

a fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicles

Question 67

tinea pedis

Answer 67

commonly known as athelete's foot

Question 68

tinea unguium

Answer 68

also known as onychomycosis, and commonly referred to as nail fungus

Question 69

tuberculocidal disinfectants

Answer 69

often referred to as phenolics, are proven to kill the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, in addition to other pathogens destroyed through the use of hospital disinfectants

Question 70

tuberculosis

Answer 70

a disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted though coughing or sneezing

Question 71

virucidal

Answer 71

capable of destroying viruses

Question 72

virus

Answer 72

a parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms. A virus is capable of replication only through taking over the host cell's reproductive function