Chapter 5 - Human Body Flashcards
(24 cards)
Epiglottis
Tiny flapper valve that keeps food from entering the larynx
Respiratory System
Nose (nasopharynx) Mouth (oropharynx) Throat Larynx (voice box) Trachea (windpipe) Epiglottis Passages in the lungs (bronchi and bronchioles) Alveoli
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs surrounded by capillaries
The 2 upper chambers of the heart
Atriums
The two lower chambers of the heart
Ventricles
Atrium which receives blood from the veins
Right atrium
Atrium which receives blood from the lungs
Left atrium
Ventricle that pumps blood to the lungs
Right ventricle
Ventricle that pumps blood to the body (also the most muscular chamber)
Left ventricle
The three major arteries, used to check pulse
Neck (carotid)
Groin (femoral)
Wrist (radial)
The three functions of the skeletal system
Support the body
Protect vital structures
Manufacture red blood cells
The five sections of the spine
Cervical spine (neck) Thoracic spine (upper back) Lumbar spine (lower back) Sacrum (base of the spine) Coccyx (tailbone)
Components of the upper extremities
Upper arm - humerus
Forearm - ulna (medial) and radius (lateral)
Wrist and hand
Shoulder girdles
Proximal portion of the upper extremity; each is made up of the clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus
Components of the rib cage
Sternum
Twelve sets of ribs that protect the heart, lungs, liver, and spleen
The upper five sets connect directly to the sternum
The sixth-tenth sets connect to each other with cartilage, and then the sternum
The eleventh and twelfth sets are floating ribs
Function of the pelvis
Serves as the link between the body and the lower extremities
Also protects the reproductive organs
Pointed structure at the bottom of the sternum
Xiphoid process
Components of the lower Extremities
Thigh - thighbone (femur)
Leg - tibia (medial), fibula (lateral)
Kneecap (patella)
Ankle and foot
The three types of muscles
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Functions of the three types of muscle
Skeletal - cause body movement (voluntary)
Smooth - carry out many of the automatic functions (involuntary)
Cardiac - only found in the heart
NOTE: the diaphragm is part of the “involuntary” system even though we can control it at times
The three functions of skin
Protects agains harmful substances
Regulates body temperature
Transmits information from the outside environment to the brain
Typical adult vitals
Pulse: 60-100 BPM
Respirations: 12-20 breaths/min
Blood Pressure: 90-140 systolic
Factors that increase vitals
Exercise Fever Illness Pain Stress Excess body weight
Factors that decrease vitals
Athletic conditioning
BP medications
