Chapter 5 Hydrosphere Flashcards
(50 cards)
Define: hydrosphere
The sum of all the water on a planet
From most to least which of these has the most water?
Ground water, soil moisture, oceans, surface water, atmospheric moisture, and glaciers/icebergs.
- Oceans 97.25% (saltwater)
- Glaciers/icebergs 2.05% (freshwater)
- Groundwater .685% (freshwater)
- Surface water (not oceans) .009% (mostly freshwater)
- Soil moisture .005% (freshwater)
- Atmospheric moisture .001% (freshwater)
Define: Hydrologic cycle
The process by which water is continuously exchanged between earths various water sources
Define:Transpiration
Evaporation of water from plants
Define: Condensation
The process by which gas turns into a liquid
Define: Precipitation
Water falling from the atmosphere as rain, snow, sleet, or hail
Define: Distillation
Evaporation and condensation of a mixture to separate out the mixture’s individual components
What is residence time?
The average time a given particle will stay in a given system
From most to least name how long the residence time is in these things
Glacier, ocean ,atmosphere, soil moisture, groundwater, swamps, lakes, and rivers
Oceans- 4,000 years Glaciers/Icebergs- 1,000 years Groundwater- 2 weeks-1,000 years Swamps- 1-10 years Lakes- 10 years Soil Moisture- 2 weeks - 1 year Rivers- 2 weeks Atmosphere- 10 days
Define: Salinity
A measure of the mass of dissolved salt in a given mass of water
What’s in ocean water?
96.5% water
2.7% sodium chloride
.8% other salts
Suppose you are given a sample of water taken from somewhere in the earth’s hydrosphere
A. Would it be most likely be saktwater or freshwater.
B. if it is freshwater where did it most likely come from
C. If the person said it eas most likely a liquid source where did it come from
A. Saltwater
B. Glacier or Iceberg
C. Groundwater
Water that was originally in a ant ends up in a cloud. What 2 processes of the hydrologiccycle caused it to be transferred that way.
Transpiration and condensation
Rain that hits the land can travel as a liquid into a lake, river, stream, or ocean in two different ways wahat are they?
Surface runoff and groundwater flow
Suppose a scientist studies two groundwater sources the first is an unserwater rivernthat flows quickly into a large lake. The second is a large basin of underground water that moves at a much slower rate toward a small pond. Which groundwater source has the longest residence time
The second
If no energy is in the air, what happens to the temperature when the air expand
It gets chilly
Will fog be thicker in a smoky area o an area without smoke
Smoky air
What kind lf cooling is responsible for most cloud cooling
J
K
K
What kind of pollution is the hardest to get to its source
Thermal pollution
How can you make a hot box
Switch the pipes around
Define: firn
A dence icy pack of old snow
Define water table
the line between the water-saturated soil and the soil that is non-saturated
Define Perocolation
The process by which water moves downward in the soil, toward the water table
