Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P > Chapter 5 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system is composed of

A

Skin, hair, oil glands, sweat glands, nails, sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Whats the largest organ of the body?

A

Skin - cutaneous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Skin consists of 3 parts, what are they

A

Epidermis - superficial, thin, composed of epitherlial cells

Dermis - deeper layer, composed of connective tissue

Hyperdermis - subcutaneous later, consists of areolar and adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Whats the purpose of the subcutaneous layer?

A

Storage layer for fat and contains large blood vessels that supply the skin

Contains nerve endings called lamellated pacinian corpuscles that are sensitive to pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Epidermis is composed of

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Epidermis consists of 4 principal layers of cells:

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Intraepithelial macrophages
Tactile epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes up 90% of epidermal cells

A

Keratinocytes
4-5 layers
Produce protein keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

8% of the epiderma cells are

A

Melanocytes

Produce melanin

Long, slinder processes that extend between the keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Melanin is what

A

a yellow-red or brown - black pigment that contributes skin color and absorbs damaging UV light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Intraepithelial macrophages are also called what and do what

A

Langerhans cells

Participate in immune responses mounted against microbes that invade the skin

Help recognize an antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tactile epithelial cells

A

Contact the flattened process of a sensory neuron (nerve cell) - a structure called a tactile disc

These detect touch sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epidermis has what 5 layers

A 
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum 
Startum lucidum
Stratum corneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stratum basale

A

Deepest layer

Cubodial or columnar keratinocytes

Stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Lies superficial to stratum basale

8-10 layers of many sided (polyhedral) keratinocytes

Provides strength and flexibility to the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Middle part of the epidermis

3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes that are undergoing apoptosis (programmed cell death)

Presence of keratin and membrane enclosed lamellar granules which release a lipid-rich secretion

This secretion regards loss of body fluids and entry of foreign materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stratum lucidum (clear cell layer)

A

Thick skin ares

Fingertips, palm, sole of foot

3-5 layers of flattened, clear, dead, keratinocytes containing lg amts of keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stratum corneum

A

25-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes

Continuously shed and replaced

Contain mostly keratin

Protect deeper layers from injury and microbial invasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens with constant exposure to friction

A

Callus

An abnml thickening of the stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is keratinization

A

As cells move one epithelial layer to the next, they accumulate more and more keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dandurff

A

Shedding of an excessive amt of keratinized cells form the skin of hte scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dermis is composed of

A 
Connective tissue
Collagen
Elastic fibers
Dermal papillae
Blood capilaries
Free nerve endings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The surface are of the dermis is increased by

A

Small fingerlike projections called the dermal papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The deeper part of the dermis consists of what

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

Consists of:
Collagen, elastic fibers, adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, oil (sebaceous) glands, sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the combination of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis do

A

Provide the skin with strength, extensibility, and elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Extreme stretching of the skin can do what?
Produce small tears in the dermis causing striae or stretch marks on the skin surface
26
3 pigments that allow for skin colors are
Melanin Hemoglobin Carotene
27
Melanin is produced by what
Melanocytes in the epidermis Stimulated by exposure to UV light Loss of melanocytes = immune system malfunction where antibodies attack melanocytes
28
Skin cancer is caused by
Repeated exposure to UV light
29
Albinism is
The inherited inability of an individual to produce melanin
30
Vitiligo is
A condition in which partial or complete loss of melanocytes form patches of skin that produce irregular white spots
31
Freckles
Patches that accumulate melanin
32
Ages spots
Accumulations of melanin
33
Mole (nevus)
Round, flat, raised area w/ an outgrowth of melanocytes
34
Hemoglobin
Oxygen carrying pigment in RBC
35
Carotene
Yellow-orange pigment Precursor of vit A Accumulates in the stratum corneum Fatty areas of the dermis and subcutaneous area
36
Tattooing
Permanent coloration of the skin where a foreign pigment is deposited with a needle into the dermis It deposits the ink in the macrophages of the dermis
37
Body piercings
Insertion of jewelry through an artificial opening
38
Accessory structures of the skin develop from
The epidermis of an embryo Hair, glands, nail Hair and nails protect the body Sweat glands help regulate body temperature
39
Hairs are present where
On skin surfaces except palm, fingers, soles and toes and widely distributed in scalp, eyebrows, and genitalia
40
What is hair made of
Tread of fused dead keratinized epidermal cells Shaft and root Shaft projects above the surface of the skin Root penetrates the dermis and subcutaneous layer
41
Hair follicle
Surrounds the root, composed of 2 layers of epidermal cells External Internal Surrounded by a connective tissue sheath
42
Hair root plexuses
Surround the hair follicle, consists of nerve endings sensitive to touch
43
Hair bulb
Enlarged base of the hair follicle
44
Papilla
Contains many blood vessels that provide nourishment for hair
45
Hair matrix
Region in the hair bulb which produces new hairs by cell division when older hairs are shed
46
Arrector pili
A bundle of smooth muscle cells associated with hairs that extend from the dermis to the side of the hair follicle Goose bumps
47
Color of the hair is dependent upon
Melanin Grey hair - decline in the synthesis of melanin White hair - accumulation of air bubbles in the hair shaft
48
Hirsutism
Excessive body hair
49
Androgenic - alopecia
Pattern baldness
50
Glands - name the 3 types that have to do with the skin
Sebaceous Sudoriferous Ceruminous
51
Sebaceous glands are
Oil glands connected to the hair follicles None found in the palm of the hand or sole of the foot Secrete sebum - keeps hair from drying out, prevents excessive evaporation of water from the skin, keeps skin soft, inhibits the growth of certain bacteria
52
Blacades are
Enlarged sebaceous glands on the face d/t accumulation of sebum
53
How do pimples/boils develop
Sebum is nutritive to certain bacteria
54
Sudoriferous glands are 2 groups?
Sweat glands, they release sweat or perspiration into hair follicles or onto skin surface through pores (sweat pores) Eccrine Apocrine glands
55
Eccrine sweat glands
Secrete outwardly Distributed throughout most rgns of the skin except margins of lips, nail beds of fingers/toes, glans penis, glans clitoris, labium minora, and ear drums Secretory portion of the gland is located deep in the dermis and the excretory duct projects through the dermis and epidermis and ends as a pore (sweat pore) at the surface Start to function soon after birth Regulate body temperature through evaporation
56
Sweat consists of
Water, ions, urea, uric acid, ammonia, amino acids, glucose, lactic acid
57
Emotional sweating is
Cold sweat - the release of sweat in response to an emotional stress such as fear or embarrassment
58
Apocrine sweat glands are
Simple, coiled, tubular glands found mainly in the skin of the axilla(armpit), groin, areola of the breast and bearded regions of the face in men The secretory portion lies in the subcutaneous layer and the excretory duct opens into the hair follicle The sweat is slightly viscous, odorless, appears milky or yellowish in color Contains same things as eccrine sweat plus lipids and proteins Dont function until puberty Do not regulate temp Secrete sweat during sex
59
Ceruminous glands
Present in the external autitory canal (meatus) Excrete cerumen (ear wax) Ear wax prevents foreign bodies and water/bacteria/fungi from entering cells
60
Nails are
Plates of tightly packed hard dead keratinized cells Nail body - visable, pink because of underlying blood capilaries Nail bed - thickened area of stratum corneum that attaches the free edge to the fingertip Free edge - Nail root - the portion that is not visable
61
Nail root contains
Lunula - white semilunar area near the nail root Nail matrix - proximal portion of the epithelium deep to the nail root Cuticle consists of starum corneum
62
Functions of the skin
``` Regulation of body temp Protection Cutaneous sensations Excretion and absorbtion Synthesis of VitD ```
63
How does the skin regulate body temp
Sweat Blood vessles dilate Increasing heat loss
64
How does the skin offer protection
Keratin Melanin Hair Nails Intraepidermal macrophages alert the immune system Macrophages in the dermis phagocytize baceria/viruses
65
How does the skin have cutaneous sensations
Tactile sensations (touch, pressure, vibration, tickling) Thermal sensations (warmpth, coolness, pain) Tissue damage = pain
66
How does the skin deal with excretion and absorption
Excretion - elimination of substances from the body Absorption - passage of materials from the exterior into the body cells
67
How does the skin deal with synthesis of vit D?
Exposure of the skin to Ultraviolet radiation activates VitD which is converted to an active from by a hormone called calcitriol
68
When/Where does aging occur
After 40 In the proteins in the dermis
69
What happens to Collagen fibers, elastic fibers, fibroblasts, and intraepidermal macrophages with aging
Collagen fibers - decrease in number Elastic fibers - lose their elasticity Fibroblasts - decrease in number resulting to wrinkles Intraepidermal macrophages - become less efficient phagocytes decreasing the skins immune response Sebaceous glands - decrease in size leading to dry skin
70
Rosacea is a skin condition that
Affects mostly light - skinned adults between ages 30-60 Redness, tiny pimples, noticeable blood vessels Central area of the face

A&P (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions