Chapter 5 Key terms

Question 1

the minimum energy input that enable atoms and molecules to react.

Answer 1

Activation energy

Question 2

specific region on the surface of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind.

Answer 2

active site

Question 3

low energy form of the energy carrier ATP which constitutes the energy currently in all living cells

Answer 3

ADP (adenosine diphosphate)

Question 4

refers to the linked chain of energy-requiring reactions that create complex biomolecules from smaller organic compounds.

Answer 4

anabolism

Question 5

a molecule that is commonly used by cells to storm energy and transfer energy from one chemical reaction to another.

Answer 5

ATP (adenosine triiphosphate)

Question 6

refers to the linked chain of reactions that release chemical energy tin the process of breaking down complex biomolecules.

Answer 6

catabolism

Question 7

a chemical that speeds up chemical reactions without itself being changed.

Answer 7

catalyst

Question 8

oxygen - dependent catabolic reaction that your cells use to extract energy food.

Answer 8

cellular respiration

Question 9

energy stored in the bonds between atoms and ions.

Answer 9

chemical energy

Question 10

capacity of any object to do work.

Answer 10

energy

Question 11

biomolecules that speed up chemical reactions

Answer 11

enzyme

Question 12

energy can neither be created or destroyed, but only converted from one form to another.

Answer 12

first law of thermodynamics

Question 13

that portion of the total energy of a particle that can flow from one particle to another.

Answer 13

heat energy

Question 14

a model of substrate enzyme interaction stating that as a substrate enters the active site, the parts of the enzyme shift about slightly to allow the active site to mold itself around the substrate.

Answer 14

induced fit model

Question 15

energy that a system possesses as a consequence of its state of motion.

Answer 15

kinetic energy

Question 16

series of enzyme controlled chemical reactions in a cell in which the product of one reaction becomes the substrate for the next.

Answer 16

metabolic pathway

Question 17

capture use and storage of energy by living organisms.

Answer 17

metabolism

Question 18

loss of electrons form a molecule atom or ion.

Answer 18

oxidation

Question 19

a metabolic process by which organisms capture energy from sunlight and use tit to synthesize sugars form carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 19

photosythesis

Question 20

the energy stored in any system as a coneqeunce of its position.

Answer 20

potential energy

Question 21

ending material in a chemical reaction.

Answer 21

product

Question 22

starting material in a chemical reaction

Answer 22

reactant

Question 23

oxidation reduction reaction

Answer 23

redox reaction

Question 24

gain of electrons by one atom or molecule from another.

Answer 24

reduction

Question 25

the natural tendency of the universe is to become less organized.

Answer 25

second law of thermodynamics

Question 26

specific reactants that bind to a particular enzyme

Answer 26

substrate