Chapter 5: Large Biological Molecules Flashcards
1
Q
Monomers
A
Smaller molecules that serve as building blocks of a polymer
2
Q
Polymer
A
Long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds
3
Q
Hydrolysis reactions
A
Decompose polymers
- release energy
- highly regulated
4
Q
Carbohydrates
A
Function for long- and short-term energy
5
Q
Monosaccharide
A
Simple; 3-7 carbon atoms
6
Q
Disaccharide
A
2+ monosaccharides
7
Q
Polysaccharides
A
Many glucose units; complex
- Starches (spiral shape)
- Glycogen
- Cellulose (straight shape)
8
Q
The organic molecules
A
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
- Lipids
(1-3 are Macromolecules)
9
Q
Lipids
A
- Function well as energy storage molecules
- Hydrophobic
- Formed of hydrocarbons: LOTS of energy
10
Q
Fats (Lipids)
A
Animal origin and solid at room temperature
11
Q
Oils (Lipids)
A
Plant origin and liquid at room temperature
12
Q
Unsaturated fatty acids
A
- Oils
- Double bonds
13
Q
Saturated fatty acids
A
- Butter
- No double bonds
14
Q
Phospholipids
A
- Contains two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol
- Carries a charge
- Charged polar head, nonpolar tail
15
Q
Amphoteric
A
Charged polar head, nonpolar tail
16
Q
Proteins
A
- Very important in structure and function of cells
- Can function in/as:
- Support
- Enzymes
- Transport
- Movement
- Cell communication
- Defense
17
Q
Amino acids
A
Building blocks of proteins
18
Q
Glycine
A
Nonpolar
19
Q
Alanine
A
Nonpolar
