Chapter 5: Learning

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

Permanent change in behavior because of experience

Question 2

What isn’t Learning?

Answer 2

Maturation

Question 3

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 3

Imprinting (Learning & Instinct)

Question 4

Types of learning

Answer 4

Classical, Operant, and Cognitive

Question 5

Classical Conditioning

Answer 5

Neutral Stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association

Question 6

Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning

Answer 6

Learning to make or withhold a response b/c of it’s consequences

Question 7

Cognitive Learning

Answer 7

Mental process, non observable learning

Question 8

Process of Classical Conditioning

Answer 8

1. US - UR NS
2. NS + US
3. CS - CR

Question 9

Founded Classical Conditioning

Answer 9

Pavlov

Question 10

PTSD Triggers are a form of

Answer 10

Classical conditioning

Question 11

Term to end classical conditioning

Answer 11

Depolarization

Question 12

Intermittent Pairing

Answer 12

Only pairing the CS with the US

Question 13

Preparedness

Answer 13

Biological preparedness to learn associations (No phobia to poison)

Question 14

Hierarchy of fear

Answer 14

Hierarchy of fear

Question 15

Stimulus Generalization CC

Answer 15

Greater similarity between two stimuli, greater likeliness of stimulus generalization (similar noises)

Question 16

Stimulus Discrimination CC

Answer 16

Learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli

Question 17

Extinction CC

Answer 17

When CS and US stop being associated

Question 18

Desensitization Therapy

Answer 18

Teaching relaxation in periods of fearful or anxious situations

Question 19

Thondikes Puzzle Box

Answer 19

Cats could more successfully unlatch a cage with treats (Operant Conditioning)

Question 20

Consequences

Answer 20

Reinforcements and Punishments

Question 21

Process of Operant Conditioning

Answer 21

S - R - C
C modifies S

Question 22

Neutral Consequence=

Answer 22

Doesn’t have power

Question 23

Positive ^

Answer 23

Brings something

Question 24

Negative v

Answer 24

Takes something away

Question 25

Law of effect

Answer 25

Satisfying effects (Reinforcement) are likely to be repeated and Vice Versa

Question 26

Founded Operant Conditioning

Answer 26

B. F. Skinner

Question 27

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT DOES NOT

Answer 27

MEAN PUNISHMENT

Question 28

Primary Consequences

Answer 28

Threatens Biological Needs

Question 29

Secondary

Answer 29

Gets its power by association with Primary consequence

Question 30

Stimulus Generalization OC

Answer 30

Applying learned behavior to other situations

Question 31

Stimulus Discrimination OC

Answer 31

Changing behavior to different stimuli

Question 32

Extinction

Answer 32

Stop response, remove reinforcement

Question 33

Extinction Burst

Answer 33

Emotional Response

Question 34

Immediate Consequences are almost always more

Answer 34

effective than delayed consequences

Question 35

Schedules of Reinforcement

Answer 35

4 types; Fixed/Variable Ratio and Interval

Question 36

Ratio

Answer 36

How many Responses

Question 37

Interval

Answer 37

How much Time

Question 38

Shaping

Answer 38

Reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior

Question 39

Shaping: Stimulus

Answer 39

Where? When? With Whom?

Question 40

Shaping: Reinforcement

Answer 40

Is there an alternate behavior to reinforce?

Question 41

Shaping: Consequence

Answer 41

What are the reinforcements and punishments?

Question 42

Generally, people will chose short-term relief over

Answer 42

Long-term consequences

Question 43

Biofeedback

Answer 43

When operant conditioning is used to control biological functions

Question 44

Neurofeedback

Answer 44

When biofeedback is used to control brain waves

Question 45

Operant and Classical conditioning both

Answer 45

involved learning associations

Question 46

Both Operant and Classical conditioning

Answer 46

under the control of stimuli

Question 47

Niether operant or classical conditioning

Answer 47

last forever

Question 48

Contingencies

Answer 48

A relationship in which one event depends on another

Question 49

Backwards Conditioning

Answer 49

Conditioned Stimulus always follows a Unconditioned Stimulus

Question 50

Blocking

Answer 50

Prior conditioning prevents a second conditioning

Question 51

Tolman's Maze

Answer 51

Rats made a cognitive map to solve

Question 52

Latent Learning

Answer 52

Happens when not demonstrated (Stored internally)

Question 53

Types of Cognitive Learning

Answer 53

Insight & Observational

Question 54

Insight Learning

Answer 54

Rapid learning as a result of understanding each element of a problem (uses learning sets)

Question 55

Learning Sets

Answer 55

Ability to become increasingly more effective in solving problems as more problems are solved "Learning how to Learn"

Question 56

Observational Learning

Answer 56

Learning by observing a model

Question 57

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 57

Extinguished behavior that reappears

Question 58

Learned Helplessness

Answer 58

Giving up response from multiple negative experiences

Question 59

Operant Conditioning Contingency

Answer 59

Learner perceives a connection between an action and a reward

Question 60

Classical Conditioning Contingency

Answer 60

US becomes a signal for CS