Chapter 5 Lesson 3 Flashcards
(38 cards)
How did the German rulers settle their religious differences?
through the Peace of Augsburg
What did the Peace of Augsburg agree to?
the faith of each Prince would determine the religion of his subjects and churches in Germany could be either Lutheran or Catholic, but not Calvinist
Who did Lutherans and Catholics feel threatened by?
Calvinism which was spreading in Germany
What did the Lutherans join when tension arose because of the Calvinists? What did the Catholics do?
the Lutherans joined the Protestants Union and the Catholics formed the Catholic League
Ferdinand II
head of the Hapsburg family, ruled the kingdom of Bohemia, and Holy Roman emperor
Why didn’t the Protestants in Bohemia trust Ferdinand?
he was a foreigner and Catholic
Why did the Protestants revolt against Ferdinand II?
He closed some Protestant churches
Thirty Years’ War
a conflict over religion and territory and for power among European ruling families
What are the 2 phases of the Thirty Years’ War?
the phase of Hapsburg
the phase of Hapsburg defeats
What happened during the first 12 years of the Thirty Years’ War?
Hapsburg armies from Austria and Spain beat the troops hired by the Protestants
How large was Ferdinand’s army?
125,000
What happened in the 13th year of the Thirty Years’ War?
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden and his army drove the Hapsburg armies out of northern Germany
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Protestant, changed the tide of the war with his army, and died in battle
Who dominated the last years of the Thirty Years’ War
Cardinal Richelieu and Cardinal Mazarin of France (Catholic)
Who did Cardinal Richelieu and Cardinal Mazarin fear?
the Hapsburgs more than the Protestants even though they are Catholic
What did Cardinal Richelieu do for the Protestants?
he sent French troops to help the German and Swedish Protestants in their struggle against the Hapsburg armies
Who did the war damage? How were they damaged? How much did their population drop?
Germany’s economy was ruined and their agriculture and trade were disrupted. Their population dropped from 20 million to 16 million.
What officially ended the Thirty Year’s War?
the Peace of Westphalia
What consequences came for the Peace of Westphalia?
- weakened the Hapsburg States of Spain and Austria
- strengthened France by awarding it German territory
- made German princes independent of the Holy Roman Empire
- ended religious wars in Europe
- introduced a new method of peace negotiation whereby all participants meet to settle problems of a war and decide the terms of peace
What did the treaty (the Peace of Westphalia) abandon?
the idea of a catholic empire that would rule most of Europe
What was the most important part of the Thirty Years’ War?
the Peace of Westphalia
In the late Middle Ages what did the Serfs do?
the won freedom and moved to towns, they joined middle-class townspeople
After the serfs won freedom what did the Aristocracy do? Why did they do this?
they passed laws restricting the ability for serfs to gain freedom and move to cities. they believed that keeping the serfs could produce large profits. they also held down strong kings.
What happened to the Holy Roman empire after the Thirty Years’ War? What did they do? Who did it?
they lost all their power and had no power over the German states. two German families decided to become absolute rulers themselves, one being the Hapsburgs
