Chapter 5 - mood disorders Flashcards
(50 cards)
What are the types of unipolar & bipolar disorders?
Unipolar:
- MDD
- persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
Bipolar:
- Bipolar I
- Bipolar II
- Cyclothymic
“Rules” for symptoms for an MDE?
- 5 total symptoms → at least one “cardinal” one
- must be persistent for at least 2 weeks
- change from the persons own baseline
- cause distress / impairment
- NO MANIA
Cardinal symptoms for MDE? (must have how many?)
Need at least 1 of 2
- Depressed mood
- Anhedonia → loss of interest or pleasure in things you used to enjoy
Additional symptoms for MDE?
- Sleep disturbance (hyper or hypo)
- Weight (5%) or appetite change
- Psychomotor agitation OR retardation
- Fatigue
- Worthlessness OR excessive guilt
- Poor concentration OR indecisiveness
- Thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, plan or attempt
Persistent depressive episode (dysthymia) symptoms?
Extremely similar to MDE
NO:
- suicidal thoughts
- excessive guilt/worthlessness
- psychomotor retardation OR agitation
- anhedonia
Includes:
- hopelessness
- low self esteem
Dysthymia def?
- very chronic
- “low dose” depression
- At least 2 years
- up to 25
- can be periods of not depressed mood, but it can’t be more than 2 months
Manic episode 2 main types? How many additional symptoms needed?
- euphoric –> 3+ symptoms
- irritable –> 4+ symptoms
Manic episode symptoms:
- elevated mood (euph./ irritable)
- grandiosity
- Decreased need for sleep
- More talkative
- racing thoughts
- Distractibility
- Increase in goal-directed activity
- increased involvement in high-risk, high-reward behaviors
Manic episode criteria:
- cause impairment, require hospitalization, or have psychotic features
- needs to last for a week or more unless hospitalized
- not due to substance/medical condition
Hypomanic episode criteria: (diff. from manic episode?)
Same as manic episodes BUT…
- duration shorter
- symptoms less severe
- Must be noticeable to others but does NOT cause impairment
- No psychotic symptoms
What kind of episodes / how many / how long characterize each mood disorder?
(BP1&2, MDD, PDD)
Bipolar I → at least one manic, depression not actually required
Bipolar II → at least one hypomanic episode, at least one MDE
———-
MDD → at least 1 MDE (2 weeks)
PDD → depressive symptoms for at least 2 years
^^NO manic episodes
Cyclothymic disorder?
- Frequent periods of depression and hypomania over years
- Low grade manic symptoms and depressive symptoms
- No history of:
→ MD episode
→ Manic episode
Symptoms NOT episode
2 kinds of specifiers to mood disorders? What kind can they be applied to?
- psychotic features (uni & bipolar)
- rapid cycling (bipolar only)
Psychotic features specifier? 2 types? More likely to…?
- during the mood episode
- Mood-congruent → consistent with theme of disorder
- Can also be incongruent
More likely to need:
- hospitalization
- psychotropic medication
Rapid cycling specifier def? Who is more likely to have it?
- At least 4 episodes of MDE, manic, or hypomania within 12 month time
More likely if:
- woman
- history of more episodes
- earlier onset
- associated with history of suicide attempts
Gender breakdown for mood disorders?
- Women more likely for mood disorder overall
- Manic episodes are about equal between genders
- Boys more likely before puberty
- no age gap 65+
Depression occurs (more/less) frequently in elderly?
Less!
Depression etiology:
Environmental factors?
stressful life events
interpersonal factors
Depression etiology:
Biological factors?
HPA axis
genetic vulnerability
brain function
neurochemical
Depression etiology:
Psychological factors?
Info process bias
cognitive distortions
rumination
Personality
Bipolar etiology:
Environmental factors?
stressful life events
goal attainment events
interpersonal factors
schedule disruption
Bipolar etiology:
Biological factors?
genetic vulnerability
brain function??
Bipolar etiology:
Psychological factors?
cognitive distortions
grandiose thinking
James Coyne:
- big philosophy on why people are depressed?
- what were his 2 hypotheses on interpersonal relations & depression?
- Depressed people affected by negative cognitive distortions
- People respond differently to depressed people because they are depressed, not because they have a mental disorder in general
- Depressed people induce depressed mood and hostility in others and are rejected socially
→ rejected because people don’t want to feel negative emotions they get from interacting with depressed people
