Chapter 5: Nomenclature Flashcards by Jordan Short

Q

What are the 5 parts of nomenclature?

A

Stereoisomerism
Substituents
Parent
Unsaturation
Functional Group

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Carboxylic Acid (-oic acid)

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Ester (-oate)

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Aldehyde (-al)

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Ketone (-one)

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Amide 1

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Amide 2

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Alcohol (-ol)

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Ether

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Thiol

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Thioether

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Amine 1(-amine)

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Amine 2

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Amine 3

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Amine 4

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Carboxylic anhydride

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Acyl chloride

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Cyanide (Nitrate)

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Q

Name the Functional Group

A

Amide 3

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Q

Priority of Functional Groups

A

carboxylic acid
ester
aldehyde
ketone
alcohol
amine

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Q

What is unsaturation?

A

presence of double or triple bonds

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Q

A

single bond

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Q

A

Cyclo - forms a ring of carbons

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Q

A

double bond

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triple bond

What is a Parent Chain?

A chain of carbons that become the root of the name of a molecule

Hierarchy for a parent chain

needs to be as long as possible and include: 1. Functional group 2. Double bond 3. Triple bond

Root for a parent chain with 1 carbon

meth

Root for parent chain with 2 carbons

eth

Root for a parent chain with 3 carbons

prop

Root for a parent chain with 4 carbons

but

Root for a parent chain with 5 carbons

pent

Root for a parent chain with 6 carbons

hex

Root for a parent chain with 7 carbons

hept

Root for a parent chain with 8 carbons

oct

Root for a parent chain with 9 carbons

non

Root for a parent chain with 10 carbons

dec

What is a substituent?

Everything else connected to the parent chain that is not the functional group

Used to name carbon substituents

normal chain of 3 carbons

normal chain of 4 carbons

normal chain of 5 carbons

Name of halogens as substituents

Fluoro, Chloro, Bromo, Iodo

What is the name of -OH as a substituent?

-hydroxy-

What is the name of NH2 as a substituent?

-amino-

What is the name of a ketone as a substituent?

-keto-

What is the name of an aldehyde as a substituent?

-aldo-

What is stereoisomerism?

It identifies the configuration of double bonds or chiral centers

atoms have to be the same

atoms have to be the same

used when atoms are different (atom with larger atomic number takes priority on each side of vertical line)

used when atoms are different (atom with larger atomic number takes priority on each side of vertical line)