Chapter 5 - Order Among The Elements

Question 1

The process of extracting metals from their metallic ores.

Answer 1

Smelting

Question 2

Percentage of the world’s sulfur dioxide emissions produced b copper and other non-iron smelters globally.

Answer 2

8%

Question 3

Enormous amounts of toxic metals in the stack gases released by smelters

Answer 3

Arsenic
Lead
Cadmium

Question 4

They are responsible for huge dead zones.

Answer 4

Toxic metals

Question 5

An example of a place where there’s pollution form huge copper smelter.

Answer 5

Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

Question 6

Periodic table contains _____ that are grouped into;

Answer 6

1. Metals
   Nonmetals
   Semimetals
2. S/p/d/f-block elements
3. Representative
   Transition
   Inner transition

Question 7

Periodic table is arranged into groups from top to bottom to have increasing_______. Or Periodic table is arranged into periods from left to right have decreasing

Answer 7

Atomic size

Question 8

Periodic table is arranged into groups from top to bottom to have decreasing ____. Or Periodic table is arranged into periods from left to right have increasing ______.

Answer 8

Ionization energy
Electron affinity
Electronegativity

Question 9

In 1817, a professor at the University of Jena in Germany, noticed that certain groups of elements having similar properties seemed ti come in groups of three, such as that the middle element was approximately equal to the average of the heaviest and the lightest ones.

Answer 9

Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner

Question 10

These were groups that Johann D. made.

Answer 10

Döbereiner’s triads

Question 11

In 18 64, he reported his law of octaves. He observed that every eighth element had properties similar to each other. His law was so named because of its rsemblance to a musical octave thwt occurs every eighth note.

Answer 11

John Alexander Reina Newlands

Question 12

They proposed that when elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, recurring patterns appeared i. Their properties.

Answer 12

Dmitri Mendeleev

Julius Lothar Meyer

Question 13

States that when elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic number their physical and chemical properties show periodic pattern.

Answer 13

Periodic law

Question 14

Published book of Dmitri Mendeleev

Answer 14

Principles of Chemistry

Question 15

The rows in the periodic table are called

Answer 15

Periods

Question 16

The columns in the periodic table are called

Answer 16

Groups

Question 17

The periodic table has _____ periods and _____groups

Answer 17

7, 18

Question 18

Ways to label the groups in the periodic table

Answer 18

Traditionally/ roman numerals with letters a and b
IA to VIIIA, IB to VIIIB
Arabic numberals

Question 19

Meaning of IUPAC

Answer 19

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Question 20

Generally hard, lustrous, malleable, ductile

Answer 20

Metals

Question 21

Metals form string framework

Answer 21

Al, Fe, Cu

Question 22

Chemically unreactive to solids at room temperature and resistant to chemical corrosion and rust.

Answer 22

Cu, Ag, Au

Question 23

Elements that are extremely reactive with air and water

Answer 23

Li, K, Na

Question 24

The reactants used to make ores

Answer 24

Coke and limestone

Question 25

Generally gases or solids, not lustrous, not malleable, not ductile, and usually poor conductors of electricity and heat.

Answer 25

Nnmetals

Question 26

Have some properties of metals and semimetals or have properties intermediate in between

Answer 26

Semimetals or meatlloids

Question 27

It is found in sand, quartz, clay, and granite.

Answer 27

Silicon

Question 28

Formed by the combination of two or more metals or a metal and a nonmetal

Answer 28

Alloys

Question 29

Made of combined chromium, manganese, nickel, tungsten, and cobalt with iron.

Answer 29

Steel

Question 30

Percent of all iron mined in the world today goes to the manufacture of steel.

Answer 30

99%

Question 31

Has the ability to dissolve other metals and form alloys

Answer 31

Mercury

Question 32

Dentists combine these to use it for filling cavities in teeth

Answer 32

Mercury with silver

Question 33

The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

Answer 33

Valence electrons

Question 34

The elements in the s-block and p-block are named

Answer 34

Representative elements

Question 35

The d-blocks are called the

Answer 35

Transition metals

Question 36

The f-block is also called the

Answer 36

Inner transition elements

Question 37

Properties of the elements changes in a predictable way as you move through the periodic table, what do you callthis?

Answer 37

Periodic trends

Question 38

As you moved from left go right, the atoms' nuclei __________ protons

Answer 38

Gain

Question 39

Is formed when an atom loses or gains electrons

Answer 39

Ins

Question 40

Aluminum and aluminum compunds

Answer 40

Cans, foils, kitchen utensils Alums - as a hardening agent and setting accelerator for gypsum in plaster, in tanning and dyeing Carbonate and hydroxide - antacids Chlorohydrates - as the active ingredient in many antiperspirants and deodorants Borate - in the production of glass and ceramics

Question 41

Boron

Answer 41

Helps in influence the metabolism of nutrients that help maintain one health. Plays a role in hormone regulation.

Question 42

The most abundant mineral in the body. Function, in cooperation with phosphorus, to build and maintain bones and teeth. Aids in the blood-clotting process and helps control the passage of fluids through cells. Related to the proper functioning of the heart and. The neuromuscular system

Answer 42

Calcium

Question 43

When complexed as the glucose tolerance factor, it plays a role in the effectiveness of insulin, the hormone responsible for blood sugar metabolism. Used in breathalyzer, which involves the reduction of dichromate ion to chromium III Used to control blood cholesterol; promotes body fat reduction and increase lean muscle tissue

Answer 43

Chromium

Question 44

Used in electroplating (because of its appearance, hardness, and resistance to oxidation) Cobalt salts are used for the production of brilliant and permanent blue colors in porcelain, glass, pottery, tiles and enamels. Cobalt-60, an artificial isotope, is an important gamma ray source and is extensively used as at tracer and a radiotherapeutic agent. Single compact sources are readily available. used as paint pigments.

Answer 44

Cobalt

Question 45

Copper sulfate is used as an agricultural poison and water purifier. A component of a copper bracelet Cu^2+ is used as an enzyme activator. Aids in iron absorption, a process that helps in the formation of hemoglobin of red blood cells Helps convert amino acids into pigments, thereby adding color to hair and skin

Answer 45

Copper

Question 46

Used as an ingredient in commercial fluorochemicals, including many well-known high-temperature plastics. In small amounts, fluorides in water sources prevent tooth decay; a constituent of toothpaste for the same reason

Answer 46

Fluorine

Question 47

Gold

Answer 47

Disodim aurothiomalate is administered as a treatment for arthritis Au-198 is used for treating cancer

Question 48

Helps in the commercial fixation of nitrogen from the air in the Haber ammonia process. Aids in hydrogenation of fats and oils liquidH2 is important in cryogenics and in the study of superconductivity since its melting point is only above absolute zero

Answer 48

Hydrogen

Question 49

An essential component of the thyroid hormone, thyroxine, which is the master regulator of metabolism

Answer 49

Iodine

Question 50

Acts with protein and copper to make hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells

Answer 50

Iron

Question 51

Involved in muscle contraction and nerve function At least half of the magnesium in the body is combined with calcium, and phosphorus in bones; the remainder is in the soft tissues, including red blood cells and muscles

Answer 51

Magnesium

Question 52

An important activator of enzyme systems Involved in protein synthesis and fatty acid metabolism Necessary for normal skeletal development and pituitary gland activity

Answer 52

Manganese

Question 53

Used in making neon advertising signs,which accounts for its largest use With helium is used in making gas lasers Liquid neon is an economical cryogenic refrigerant

Answer 53

Neon

Question 54

liquid nitrogen is used in the oil industry to build up pressure on wells to force crude oil upward

Answer 54

Nitrogen

Question 55

Ozone (O^3) in the atmosphere serves as our protection against sun's UV rays

Answer 55

Oxygen

Question 56

Used in breathing apparatus

Answer 56

Superoxide KO2

Question 57

An important oxidizing agent

Answer 57

Potassium permanganate, KMnO4

Question 58

A component of a low sodium salt. | Found inside the cells and is involved in the process of balancing the body fluids within the body

Answer 58

Potassium

Question 59

An essential mineral that works synergistically with vitamin E A constituent of glutathione peroxidase

Answer 59

Selenium

Question 60

An antioxidant enzyme that helps neutralize the effects of free radicals within body tissues

Answer 60

Peroxidase

Question 61

As sand, a principal ingredient of glass, a material with dxcellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties

Answer 61

Silica

Question 62

Made into computer chips | Silver in medicine for silicon implants

Answer 62

Silicon

Question 63

Made into dental alloys

Answer 63

Silver

Question 64

Used in seeding clouds to produce rain

Answer 64

Silver iodide

Question 65

Used extensively in photography

Answer 65

Silver nitrate

Question 66

Sodium compound that are important in paper production

Answer 66

``` Common salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) Soda ash (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3) Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, "bicarb") Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) ```

Question 67

Its electrolyte is involved in the process of balancing fluid within the body and is found predominantly in fluids outside the cell's body

Answer 67

Sodium

Question 68

The balance of ____ &_____ as well as that of _____&_____, play a vital role in maintaining cardiovascular function

Answer 68

Sodium-potassium; calcium-magnesium

Question 69

When two ions have the same electron configuration, they are____

Answer 69

Isoelectronic

Question 70

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Answer 70

Ionization energy

Question 71

The amount of energy required to remove the first electron from an atom

Answer 71

First ionization energy

Question 72

The amount needed to remove the second electron from the atom and so on

Answer 72

Second ionization energy

Question 73

The amount of energy released or absorbed when an electron is added to an atom to form a negative ion

Answer 73

Electron affinity

Question 74

The ability of the atom to attract toward itself the electrons in a chemical bond

Answer 74

Electronegativity

Question 75

Says that fluorine has the highest electronegativity

Answer 75

Linus pauling

Question 76

Can give accurate ages of artifacts that are up to about 40000 yrs old., radioactive isotope of Carbon, with a half-life of 5730 yrs

Answer 76

Carbon -14