Chapter 5- Populations

Question 1

What is a “trophic cascade”?

Answer 1

The impact of the removal of a top consumer

Question 2

What will happen to prey if the predator is removed?

Answer 2

The prey population will increase

Question 3

What will happen to the producers if the predators are removed?

Answer 3

They will decrease because of the over population of prey.

Question 4

What are some of the population characteristics???

Answer 4

range (geographic distribution), density (# per area), growth rate (rate of increase or decrease), and age structure

Question 5

What is “Exponential Growth”?

Answer 5

growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate.

Question 6

What is “Logistic Growth”?

Answer 6

growth pattern in which a population’s growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth.

Question 7

What is “Carrying Capacity”?

Answer 7

largest number of individuals of a population that a given environment can support.

Question 8

What is “Limiting Factor”?

Answer 8

factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease

Question 9

What is a “Density- Dependant Limiting Factors”?

Answer 9

limiting factor that depends on population size.

Question 10

What happens to a population’s growth after it reaches the carrying capacity?

Answer 10

The population growth decreases because the population’s resources start to decline and competition starts.

Question 11

What is a “Predator- Prey Relationship”?

Answer 11

mechanism of population control in which a population is regulated by predation.

Question 12

What is “Demography”?

Answer 12

scientific study of human populations.

Question 13

What are “Demographic Transitions”?

Answer 13

change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.

Question 14

What is the “Age-Structure Diagram”?

Answer 14

graph of the numbers of males and females within different age groups of a population.

Question 15

Explain how population can possibly exceed its carrying capacity?

Answer 15

A population can exceed its carrying capacity by having ideal conditions

Question 16

What happens when birth-rate = death rate?

Answer 16

The population will remain constant, creating a plateau, if the birth and death rates are equal.

Question 17

What are the 3 determining factors of population growth rate???

Answer 17

Birth rate, death rate, and migration (emigration and immigration)

Question 18

What occurs when individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, multiplying the number of reproducing individuals.

Answer 18

Exponential population growth

Question 19

Under ideal conditions and with unlimited resources, a population will grow __________.(J-shaped graph)

Answer 19

exponentially

Question 20

As resources become less available, population growth slows or stops after a period of exponential growth forming which type of graph.

Answer 20

Logistic growth (S-shaped graph)

Question 21

What can humans do to decrease an animal population

Answer 21

Relocate animals and introduce predators

Question 22

What is a limiting nutrient

Answer 22

a single nutrient that is either scarce or cycles very slowly, limiting the growth of organisms in an ecosystem.
ex: Nitrogen and Phosphorus

Question 23

What is competition???

Answer 23

Fighting over important resources such as food, water, shelter, space, sunshine, and mates.

Question 24

How could a predator increase the population of another species in its habitat?

Answer 24

The predator can increase the population of another species in its habitat by eliminating it’s predator.

Question 25

What is predation???

Answer 25

The predators (hunters) when catching prey (hunted) and the relationship between the populations of the predators and the prey.

Question 26

Why would a contagious virus be considered a density dependent limiting factor?

Answer 26

A contagious virus is density-dependent because if the person with the virus stays alone, the virus will not spread. This is because viruses depend on a host.

Question 27

What are renewable resources???

Answer 27

resources that can be regenerated quickly and is replaceable. ex: trees, hydro-energy, solar energy

Question 28

What shape line does exponential growth create?

Answer 28

J

Question 29

What shape line does logistic growth create?

Answer 29

S

Question 30

What type of line is linear growth?

Answer 30

Horizontal

Question 31

LOOK OVER GRAPH SHEET

Answer 31

:)

Question 32

What are non-renewable resources?

Answer 32

A resource that cannot be replenished by natural processes. | ex: fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas

Question 33

What is the MOST likely outcome if a population grows larger than the carrying capacity?

Answer 33

Increase in death rate will occur because of low resources.

Question 34

What is gestation?

Answer 34

The amount of time from conception to birth.

Question 35

What is ecology?

Answer 35

The scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments.

Question 36

What is a species?

Answer 36

A group of organisms that breed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 37

What is the "Independent Factor"?

Answer 37

the factor or condition that is changed or manipulated (factor being tested) `

Question 38

What is the "Dependent Factor"?

Answer 38

the factor being measured as a result of the independent variable.

Question 39

What is the difference between immigration and emigration?

Answer 39

Immigration- organisms into a population | Emigration- organisms leaving a population

Question 40

When does logistic growth occur?

Answer 40

When a population reaches the carrying capacity and encounters limiting factors.

Question 41

List the levels of organisation.

Answer 41

1) organism 2) population 3) community 4)ecosystem | 5) biome 6) biosphere

Question 42

What are the two main commodities?

Answer 42

sunlight and matter (nutrients)

Question 43

What is the "control"?

Answer 43

the test set up except the factor or condition being tested.

Question 44

Arrows show what in a food web?

Answer 44

The flow of energy

Question 45

What is a chemoautotroph?

Answer 45

Bacteria at the bottom of the ocean, where sunlight doesn't reach, that oxidizes inorganic compounds, forming the bottom of the food chain.

Question 46

What is the "constant"?

Answer 46

all the factors that are kept the same throughout the test groups.

Question 47

What is the effect of a limited resource on a population?

Answer 47

Competition would occur to get that resource and the population would decrease.

Question 48

What is a food chain?

Answer 48

the series transfers through consumption

Question 49

What is a food web?

Answer 49

a network of food chains

Question 50

What is a trophic level?

Answer 50

a step in the food chain

Question 51

What determines the length of a food chain?

Answer 51

energy

Question 52

What are pyramids?

Answer 52

Pyramids are diagrams that show the relative amounts of energy or matter at each trophic level of food chains and food webs.

Question 53

What does the energy pyramid depict?

Answer 53

the amount of energy at each trophic level and 10% is passed to each level and the rest is lost by heat

Question 54

How can you account for the fact that the human population has grown more rapidly during the past 500 years than throughout its previous history?

Answer 54

In the past 500 years, humans have been living in ideal conditions. Medicine has gotten stronger, causing a decrease in disease. Also technology has gotten stronger, being able to identify more harmful agents inside the body.

Question 55

What is the biomass pyramid?

Answer 55

shows the amount of potential food available in each trophic level

Question 56

What is biomass?

Answer 56

the amount of tissue within a trophic level

Question 57

What does the numbers pyramid show?

Answer 57

shows the number of individuals at each trophic level