Chapter 5 Powerpoints

Question 1

what are the overview functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 1

regulation of temperature
vitamin D production
immunity
protections
excretion
sensation

Question 2

what are the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous?

Answer 2

Epidermis: Superficial layer of epithelial tissue.
Dermis: Deep layer of connective tissue.
Structural strength
Subcutaneous tissue
Not part of skin
Loose connective tissue that connects skin to underlying structures

Question 3

what are the characteristics of epidermis?

Answer 3

Avascular; nourished by diffusion from capillaries of the papillary layer of the dermis
Composed of cells arranged into layers or strata.
Separated from dermis by basement membrane

Question 4

Keratinocytes

Answer 4

Keratinocytes: most cells of the epidermis Produce keratin for strength

Question 5

Langerhans’ cells:

Answer 5

part of the immune system

Question 6

Merkel’s cells

Answer 6

detect light touch, and superficial pressure

Question 7

Desquamate

Answer 7

cells of the deeper layers undergo mitosis; as they move toward the surface, older cells slough off

Question 8

Keratinization

Answer 8

as cells move outward through the layers they fill with keratin, die, and
serve as a layer that resists abrasion and forms permeability layer

Question 9

thick skin

Answer 9

Has all 5 epithelial strata
Found in areas subject to pressure or friction
Palms of hands, fingertips, soles of feet
Fingerprints and footprints. Papillae of underlying dermis in parallel rows

Question 10

thin skin

Answer 10

More flexible than thick skin
Covers rest of body
Hair grows here

Question 11

callus

Answer 11

Increase in number of layers in stratum corneum. When this occurs over a bony prominence, a corn forms

Question 12

what 3 factors affect skin color?

Answer 12

pigments, blood circulating through the skin, thickness of stratum corneum

Question 13

what is pigment?

Answer 13

Melanin: provides protection against UV light.
Production determined by genetics, hormones, exposure to light
Chemicals derived from tyrosine (tyrosinase is needed)
Colored brown to black, may be yellowish or reddish

Question 14

melanocytes

Answer 14

Melanocytes. processes extend between keratinocytes.

Question 15

albinism

Answer 15

Albinism: deficiency or absence of pigment (tyrosinase-)

Question 16

Carotene

Answer 16

Carotene: yellow pigment. From vegetables. Accumulates in stratum corneum, in adipose cells of dermis, and in Subcutaneous tissue.

Question 17

Blood circulating through the skin

Answer 17

Imparts reddish hue and increases during blushing, anger, inflammation

Question 18

cyanosis

Answer 18

Cyanosis: blue color caused by decrease in blood oxygen content

Question 19

what are the characteristics of dermis?

Answer 19

Gives structural strength.
C.T. with many fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages. Some adipocytes and blood vessels.
Contains nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands, and lymphatic vessels.
Sensory functions: pain, itch, tickle, temperature, touch, pressure, two-point discrimination.

Question 20

stratum corneum

Answer 20

Most superficial and consists of cornified cells

lipids and dead cells

Question 21

thick and thin skin is based on what layer of the skin?

Answer 21

epidermis

Question 22

where can calluses and corns develop?

Answer 22

thick and thin skin

Question 23

melanocytes

Answer 23

irregulary shaped cells with many long processes that extend between the kertainocytes of the stratum basale and stratum spinosum.
melanocytes also produce and package melanin into vesicles called melanosomes.
-contribute to skin color. Melanin produced by these cells then transferred to keratinocytes.

Question 24

psoriasis

Answer 24

when large parts of epidermal tissue are sloughed off

Question 25

stratum basale

Answer 25

Deepest portion of epidermis and single layer held by hemidesmosomes. High mitotic activity and cells become keratinized - melanocytes - cubodial or columnar cells - desomosomes hold the keritnocytes together

Question 26

stratum spinosum

Answer 26

Limited cell division. Desmosomes. Lamellar (lipid) bodies and additional keratin fibers -shrink expecept where they are attached to desmosomes, so they look spiny

Question 27

stratum granulosum

Answer 27

Contains keratohyalin in cytoplasm of the cell In superficial layers nucleus and other organelles degenerate and cell dies -lamellar bodies make it to the cell

Question 28

stratum lucidum

Answer 28

Thin, clear zone. Found only in palms and soles, thick skin | layers of dead cells

Question 29

cornified cells

Answer 29

dead cells with a hard protein envelope, filled with keratin

Question 30

erythema

Answer 30

condition in which the skin turns a reddish hue when the amount of blood flowing through the skin

Question 31

pacinian corpuscles

Answer 31

deep pressure

Question 32

meissner corpuscles

Answer 32

detecting simultaneous stimulating at 2 points on the skin

Question 33

ruffini end organs

Answer 33

sensing continuous touch or pressure

Question 34

papillary layer

Answer 34

Areolar loose CT with lots of elastic fibers GRIP contains blood vessels that give epidermis nutrients and oxygen. Dermal papillae, capillary beds, Fingerprints. Whorls of ridges. Touch receptors (Meissner’s), free nerve endings sensing pain

Question 35

reticular layer

Answer 35

dense irregular CT main layer of the dermis irregular fibers that are resistant to stretching

Question 36

subcutaneous layer main cells

Answer 36

fibroblasts, adiposytes, and macrophages

Question 37

how much fat is in the subcutaneous layer

Answer 37

half

Question 38

lanugo

Answer 38

unpigmented hair that covers the fetus

Question 39

terminal hairs

Answer 39

pugmented hairs that replace the languno on the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows

Question 40

vellus hairs

Answer 40

short and fin, usually unpigmened cover the rest of the body

Question 41

TERMINAL HAIR

Answer 41

REGULAR HAIR , reaplaces much of the vellus | eyelashed, scalp

Question 42

where is hair produced

Answer 42

matrix

Question 43

What type of cells does hair consist of

Answer 43

epithelial dead keratinized

Question 44

what type of keratin does hair have

Answer 44

mostly hard

Question 45

when does the hair fall out

Answer 45

hair falls out after resting period

Question 46

most of the nail is produces by the

Answer 46

nail matrix

Question 47

what conditions increase the amount of melanin?

Answer 47

``` All of these conditions increase the amount of melanin in the skin EXCEPT: exposure to ultraviolet light. pregnancy. Addison's disease. freckles. ```

Question 48

what does the hair folicel contain?

Answer 48

The hair follicle A) has an epithelial root sheath and a dermal root sheath. B) can provide epithelial cells for skin repair. C) contains only the stratum germinativum at the hair bulb. D) has an arrector pili muscle attached.