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Hematology 2 > Chapter 5: Secondary Hemostasis > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Secondary Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Zymogens (Enzyme Precursors) in the coagulation proteins?

A

Factors 2,7,9,10,11,12, Prekallikrien, Protein C

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2
Q

What are Zymogens?

A

Substrates with no biologic activity until converted by enzymes to serine proteases shich arr able to conver other zymogens by hydrolyzing arginine/lysine containing peptide bonds.

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3
Q

How does Zymogens get activated?

A

The initial reaction is due to :

  1. Exposed endothelial surfaces of blood vessels
  2. Hydrolytic cleavage of a specific zymogen peptide bond in the presence platelet phospholipid surface.
    * They also need co-factors and they causes biochemical aplification of coagulation process.
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4
Q

Among the coagulation factors, what are non-enzymatic cofactors?

A

Factors 5,8,3 and HMWK and Protein S

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5
Q

What are the ither Coagulation Proteins and Serine Proteases? And explain their function.

A

Calcium, Phospholipid, Substrate (FVIII), vWF

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6
Q

What is the role of Kinin System in the coagulation?

A
  1. Chrmotaxis and pain sensation
  2. Mediate inflammatory responses
  3. Increases vascular permeability, vasodilation and hypotension
  4. Induce smooth muscle contraction
  5. Contact activation of intrinsic coagulation patheay
  6. Complement activation
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7
Q

Where does HWMK can be found?

A

Endothelial cells, platelets and granulocytes.

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8
Q

What is the function of HMWK?

A

Increases vascular permeability, dilating small blood vessels, contracting smooth muscles and causing pain.

Also, stimulates the synthesis and secretion of Endothelial Cells, prostacyclin, nitric oxide and tPA.

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9
Q

What is the role of Prekallikrein and HMWK in coagulation?

A

PreKallikrein and HMWK circulates in the plasma. Prekallikrein is acrivated by HMWK and XIIa to Kallikrein.

Kallikrein accelerates the activation of another XII to XIIa.

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10
Q

What is the role of Kallikrein and XIIa in Fibrinokytic System?

A

They activate Plasminogen.

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11
Q

Enumate all clotting factors, and their preferred name

A 
I-Fibrinogen
II-Prothrimbin
III-Tissue Factor
IV-Calcium
V-Proaccelerin
VII-Proconvertin
VIII-Antihemophilic factor (AHF)
IX-Plasma thromboplastin component
X-Stuart-Prower factor
XI-Plasma thromboplastin antecedent
XII-Hageman factor
XIII-Finbrin stabilizing factor
Prekallikrein (Fletcher dactor)
HMWK (Fitzgerald factor)
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12
Q

What are the coagulation factors that belong to the contact group?

A

XI,XII,Prekallikrein and HMWK

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13
Q

How does contact group gets activated?
What pathway do they initiate?
What systems can they activate?

A

They get activated upon contact with negatively charged surface.
They activate the intrinsic pathway.
They also activate fibrinolytic, kinin and complement system.

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14
Q

What coagulation factors is part of prothrombin group?

A

II, VII,IX,X

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15
Q

Prothrombin group require what co-factor? Why?

A

Vitamin K. For y-carboxylation of gluctamic acid residues in y-carboxyglutamic acid rich regeiins and alloeing these factors to bind Calcium needed in building calcium bridges with the platelet phispholipid surface.

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16
Q

Decadboxylation of Prothrombin group is inhibited by:

A

Antiobiotics, Vit K deficiency, Oral anticiagulant therapy

17
Q

In the absence of Vit. K what does the Liver synthesizes?

A

PIVKA (Zymogen Inactivated Prohtrombin Group)

18
Q

What coagulation factors are part of Fibrinogen Group?

A

I,V,VIII,XIII

19
Q

Fibrinogen group is what?

A

Highest molecular weight.
Most labile, consumed in coagulation.
Acts as substrate for plasmin
May be found in alpha granules except VII, VIII:C

20
Q

What are heat labile and storage coagulation factors?

A

Heat: (1) Prothrombin: VII,IX,X (2)Fibrinogen: I,V,VIII
Storage: V,VIII

21
Q

What are the coagulation factors found in platelets?

A

Alpha granules: I,V
VIIIR: Ag
Gen. Cytoplasm: VII

22
Q

What is adsorbed in Barium sulfate?

A. Contact group
B. Prothrombin
C. Fibrinogen

A

A. (Partially

B.

23
Q

Arraged from Low-High MW

A. Contact group
B. Prothrombin
C. Fibrinogen

A

Medium
Low
High

24
Q

What is consumed in coagulation?

A. Contact group
B. Prothrombin
C. Fibrinogen

A

A. (Partially)
B. (Except II)
C. Yes

25
Q

Destroyed by plasmin or high cincentrations of thrombin.

A. Contact group
B. Prothrombin
C. Fibrinogen

A

C.

26
Q

What are acute-phase reactants?

A. Contact group
B. Prothrombin
C. Fibrinogen

A

C

27
Q

Enumerate the coagulation proteins involved in Intrinsic Pathway

A

XII—XIIa (PreK and HMWK)
XI—XIa (XIIa and HMWK)
IX—IXa (XIa and Calcium)

IXa, VIIIa, Calcium, Phospholipid (Form Intricsic Tenase Complex)

Hematology 2 (1 decks)

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