Chapter 5 Self Flashcards
(20 cards)
Self-regulatory resource model- the idea that
self-control is a limited resource.
When we use up this resource we have a harder
time exercising self-control
Explains why dieting or quitting smoking is
harder on hard days
Resource that self-control is based on may be
glucose
Whether or not you believe self-control is limited may also matter.
Individualistic
United States and Western Europe) cultures emphasize the uniqueness of individuals and a concern for oneself over one’s group.
American car commercial: http ://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2pgSuhzOCo
Mindset, sucess, motivation
Michael Jordan didn’t make his high school basketball team, but with practice and commitment went on to
become one of the best players of all time. What kind of mindset do you think he had?
Which cultural group seems to have more of a growth mindset based on the graph? Japanese.
Self-concept- the content of the self; that is our
Self-concept- the content of the self; that is our
Self-concept develops around 18 months Evolves with age:
Children emphasize physical characteristics
Teens and adults emphasize social identities (e.g., a son, a democrat) and psychological characteristics (introverted, open-minded).
Introspection
look inward and examine their own thoughts,
feelings, and motives.
look inward and examine their own thoughts,
feelings, and motives. ( Como agarrar las dos sogas, sin una indicación)
Extrinsic motivation-
desire to do an activity to get a
reward
Collectivist
Asian) cultures emphasize harmony, interconnectedness, and a concern for the groups to which one belongs.
Japanese car commercial: http ://www.youtube.co
We often make mistakes judging why we do things
and why we like things.
… Why?
Much cognition is automatic/nonconcious We develop causal theories to explain our
behavior and attitudes.
Causal theories – theories about the causes of
one’s own feelings and behaviors.
Consequences
Reasons-generated attitude change – attitude change resulting from thinking about the reasons for one’s attitudes; people assume their attitudes match the reasons that are plausible and easy to verbalize.
Self-handicapping
the strategy people create obstacles and excuses for
themselves so if they do poorly on a task they
can avoid blaming themselves
Reported self-handicapping – identifying
existing excuses about why we might fail in
Behavioral self-handicapping – engaging in
behavior that can be used as an excuse for
why we might fail
Understanding Our Emotions
emotional experience is the result of two step process in which people first experience arousal and then seek an explanation for it.
Explains misattribution of arousal- The process whereby people make mistaken inferences about what makes them feel as they do. Illustration of attractive women crossing the bridge and guys misinterpreting feeling arouse due to her physical appearance.
Social Comparison, Income and Life Satisfaction
How do you think income is related
to being satisfied with ones life?
Absolute level of income is related to being more satisfied.
Having more income than others in ones reference group (geographical area) is related to being more satisfied.
Social Comparison Theory: It’s All
Who do we compare with?
Relative
We can learn about ourselves by
making comparisons with others.
Accuracy goals = similar others
Accuracy goals = similar others Inspiration goals = the best (upward
Inspiration goals = the best (upward social comparison)
Self-enhancement = the worst
downward social comparison
Which parent is developing a growth
mindset and which parent is
developing a fixed mindset?
Parent A: “Honey, great job getting an A
on that math test, you are such a smart
on that math test, you are such a smart ( fix mind set)
Parent B: “Honey, I’m so proud of all the
work you did studying for your math test,
great job studying, and look it paid off…
you earned an A.” ( growth mind set)
Self-Perception Theory
-
only do this when attitudes are ambiguous
- behavior only tells about our attitudes if it is voluntary.
Is Narcissism a Bad Thing
Narcissism is correlated with:
Poorer academic performance
Not being liked interpersonally
Aggression
Violence is not correlated with
having low self-esteem
Violence is correlated with having
narcissistic sense of esteem threatened We are happier when we help others
We are happier when we help others
than when we help ourselves.
than when we help ourselves.
Ingratiation- “
sucking up/kissing butt”
Intrinsic motivation-
desire to do an activity b/c it is
satisfying
Narcissism-
the combination of excessive self- love and a lack of empathy toward others
Self-esteem –
peoples evaluations of their own self-
worth-that is the extent to which they view themselves as good, competent, and decent.
Positive effects
Very low self-esteem is unpleasant and associated with depression.
Self-esteem lowers anxiety associated with knowledge of our own mortality (terror- management theory)
Self-esteem is associated with optimism which is associated with ambition and perseverance
Collectivist (Asian) cultures emphasize harmony, interconnectedness, and a concern for the groups to which one belongs.
Interdependent view of self- A way of defifining oneself
in terms of one’s relationship to other people;
recognizing that one’s behavior is often determined
by the thoughts, feelings and actions of others (Aronson et al., 2007).
Individualistic (United States and Western Europe) cultures emphasize the uniqueness of individuals and a concern for oneself over ones group.
Independent view of self- A way of defifining oneself in terms of one’s own internal thoughts, feelings, and actions, and not in terms of the thoughts feelings and actions of other people
