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HPRO 121 > Chapter 5 Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbirth > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbirth Flashcards

Key Terms and Definitions (86 cards)

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1
Q

Sexuality

A

A dimension of personality shaped on biological, psychosocial, and cultural forces and concerning all aspects of sexual behavior.

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2
Q

Gonads

A

The primary reproductive organs that produce germ cells and sex hormones: the ovaries and testes.

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3
Q

Germ Cells

A

Sperm and ova (eggs).

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4
Q

Ovum

A

A germ cell produced by a female, which combines with a male germ cell to create a fetus.

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5
Q

Sperm

A

A germ cell produced by a male, which combines with a female germ cell to create a fetus.

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6
Q

Vulva

A

The external female genitals, or sex organs.

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7
Q

Clitoris

A

The highly sensitive female genital structure.

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8
Q

Prepuce

A

The foreskin of the clitoris or penis.

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9
Q

Urethra

A

The duct that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

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10
Q

Vagina

A

The passage leading from the female genitals to the internal reproductive organs; the birth canal.

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11
Q

Cervix

A

The opening of the uterus in the upper part of the vagina.

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12
Q

Uterus

A

The hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ in which the fertilized egg develops; the womb.

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13
Q

Fallopian Tube

A

A duct that guides a mature ovum for the ovary to the uterus; also called an oviduct.

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14
Q

Ovaries

A

The paired female reproductive glands that produce ova (eggs) and sex hormones; ovaries are the female gonads.

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15
Q

Penis

A

The male genital structure consisting of spongy tissue that becomes engorged with blood during sexual excitement.

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16
Q

Scrotum

A

The loose sac of skin and muscle fibers that contains the testes.

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17
Q

Testis

A

One of two male gonads, the site of sperm production; plural, testes. Also called testicle.

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18
Q

Semen

A

The fluid that carries sperm out of the male penis during ejaculation.

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19
Q

Epididymis

A

A storage duct for maturing sperm, located on the surface of each testis.

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20
Q

Vas Deferens

A

A tube that carries sperm from the epididymis through the prostate gland to the seminal vesicles; plural, vasa deferentia.

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21
Q

Prostate Gland

A

A male reproductive organ; produces some of the fluid in semen, which helps transport and nourish sperm.

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22
Q

Seminal Vesicle

A

A tube leading from the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct; secretes nutrients for the semen.

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23
Q

Ejaculatory Duct

A

A tube that carries mature sperm to the urethra so they can exit the body upon ejaculation.

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24
Q

Cowper’s Gland

A

In the male reproductive system, a small organ that produces pre-ejaculatory fluid.

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25
Glans
The rounded head of the penis or the clitoris.
26
Circumcision
Surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis.
27
Androgens
Male sex hormones, produced by the testes.
28
Estrogens
A class of female sex hormones, produced by the ovaries, that bring about sexual maturation at puberty and maintain reproductive functions.
29
Progestagens
A class of female sex hormones, produced by the ovaries, that sustain reproductive functions.
30
Adrenal Glands
Endocrine glands, located over the kidneys, that produce sex hormones.
31
Pituitary Gland
An endocrine glad at the base of the brain that produces hormones and regulates the release of hormones-including sex hormones- by other glands.
32
Hypothalamus
A region of the brain above the pituitary gland whose hormones control the secretions of the pituitary; also involved in the control of many bodily functions, including hunger, thirst, temperature regulation, and sexual function.
33
Sex Chromosomes
The X and Y chromosomes, which determine and individual's biological sex.
34
Testosterone
The most important male sex hormone; stimulates and embryo to develop into a male and induces the development of male secondary sex characteristics during puberty.
35
Puberty
The period of biological maturation during adolescence; in this state of development, the individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction.
36
Menstrual Cycle
The monthly ovarian cycle, regulated by hormones; in the absence of pregnancy, menstruation occurs.
37
Menarche
The first menstrual period, experience by most young women at some point during adolescence.
38
Menses
The portion of the menstrual cycle characterized by menstrual flow.
39
Follicle
A saclike structure within the ovary, in which an ovum matures.
40
Endometrium
The lining of the uterus.
41
Ovulation
The release of a mature ovum from an ovary.
42
Corpus Luteum
The part of the ovarian follicle left after ovulation, which secretes estrogen and progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle.
43
Dysmenorrhea
Painful or problematic menstruation.
44
Premenstrual Tension
Mild physical and emotional changes associated with the time before the onset of menses.
45
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
A disorder characterized by physical discomfort, psychological distress, and behavioral changes that begin after ovulation and cease when menstruation begins.
46
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
A severe form of PMS, characterized by symptoms serious enough to interfere with daily activities and relationships.
47
Menopause
The cessation of menstruation, occurring gradually around age 50.
48
Vasocongestion
The accumulation of blood in tissues and organs.
49
Orgasm
The discharge of accumulated sexual tension with characteristic genital and bodily manifestations and a subjective sensation of intense pleasure.
50
Sexual Dysfunction
A disturbance in sexual desire, performance, or satisfaction.
51
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse.
52
Premature Ejaculation
Involuntary orgasm before or shortly after the penis enters the vagina or anus; ejaculation that takes place sooner than desired.
53
Retarded Ejaculation
The inability to ejaculate when one wishes to during intercourse.
54
Orgasmic Dysfunction
The inability to experience orgasm.
55
Masturbation
Self-stimulation for the purpose of sexual arousal and orgasm.
56
Celibacy
Continuous abstention from sexual activity.
57
Autoeroticism
Behavior aimed at sexual self-stimulation.
58
Erotic Fantasy
Sexually arousing thoughts and daydreams.
59
Foreplay
Kissing, touching, and any form of oral or genital contact that stimulates people toward intercourse.
60
Cunnilingus
Oral stimulation of the female genitals.
61
Fellatio
Oral stimulation of the penis
62
Sexual intercourse
Sexual relations involving genital union; also called coitus, and also known as making love.
63
Sexual Coercion
The use of physical or psychological force or intimidation to make a person submit to sexual demands.
64
Pornography
The explicit or obscene depiction of sexual activities in pictures, writing, or other material.
65
Cybersex
Erotic interaction between people over the internet; also called virtual sex.
66
Prostitution
The exchange of sexual services for money.
67
Fertilization
The initiation of biological reproduction: the union of the nucleus of an egg cell with the nucleus of a sperm cell.
68
Fertilized Egg
The egg after penetration by a sperm; a zygote.
69
Gene
The basic unit of heredity; a section of a chromosome containing chemical instructions for making a particular protein.
70
Fraternal Twins
Twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs; such twins are not genetically identical.
71
Identical twins
Twins who develop from the division of a single zygote; such twins are genetically identical.
72
Infertility
The inability to conceive after trying for a year or more.
73
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
Advanced medical techniques used to treat infertility.
74
Artificial (intrauterine) Insemination
The introduction of semen into the vagina by artificial means.
75
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Combining eggs and sperm outside the body and inserting one or more fertilized eggs into the uterus.
76
Infant Mortality
The death of a child at less than 1 year of age.
77
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
The sudden death of an apparently healthy infant during sleep.
78
Labor
The act or process of giving birth to a child, expelling it with the placenta from the mother's body by means of uterine contractions.
79
Contraction
Shortening of the muscles in the uterine wall, which causes effacement and dilation of the cervix and assists in expelling the fetus.
80
Transition
The last part of the first stage of labor, during which the cervix becomes fully dilated; characterized by intense and frequent contractions.
81
Apgar Score
A formalized system for assessing a newborn's need for medical assistance.
82
Cesarean Section
A surgical incision through the abdominal wall and uterus, performed to deliver a fetus.
83
Postpartum Period
The period of about three months after delivering a baby.
84
Lactation
The production of milk.
85
Colostrum
A yellowish fluid secreted by the mammary glands around the time of childbirth until milk comes in, about the third day.
86
Postpartum Depression
An emotional low that may be experienced by the mother following childbirth.

HPRO 121 (3 decks)

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