Chapter 5: Simple inheritance in animals and plants

Question 1

Where are genetic instructions found inside a cell?

Answer 1

The Nucleus

Question 2

What is a gene

Answer 2

A packet of information that controls a small characteristic of your body

Question 3

What are alleles?

Answer 3

Different variations of a gene

Question 4

How many Chromosomes does each nucleus contain?

Answer 4

46 - two copies of 23 chromosomes.

Question 5

What is Mitosis?

Answer 5

Non sexual division of cells where one cell splits into two.

Question 6

How does Mitosis work?

Answer 6

The cell creates two new copies of it’s chromosomes, (so it has 4 copies of each) then splits into two so the new and original cell each have two copies.

Question 7

What is a stem cell?

Answer 7

A cell which is not yet specialized. It can become any type of cell.

Question 8

How does a stem cell become specialized?

Answer 8

The some of its genes are turned on/off, depending on what it’s function will be.

Question 9

What can specialized animal cells not do?

Answer 9

Re-differentiate. When they are specialized, they cannot change.

Question 10

Why are plant cells different to animal cells in terms of differentiation?

Answer 10

Plant cells can re-differentiate after they have matured. A cell can turn into any other type of cell at any time.

Question 11

How do you clone a plant?

Answer 11

By taking plant cells from a plant and forcing them back into stem cells. They will then re-produce by mitosis and form a new plant

Question 12

What is non sexual division of cells where one cell splits into two called?

Answer 12

Mitosis

Question 13

What is Meiosis?

Answer 13

Reproduction which forms gametes.

Question 14

What are gametes?

Answer 14

Sex cells (Sperm + eggs) used in reproduction by Meiosis.

Question 15

How many chromosomes do gametes have?

Answer 15

23

Question 16

How does meiosis work?

Answer 16

As in Mitosis, The two sets of each chromosome are copied to create four copies. The cell divides into two. But then, it divides again to create 4 cells with one set of each chromosome.

Question 17

Who discovered that plants could inherit features from their parent plants?

Answer 17

Gregor Mendel

Question 18

What kinds of plant did Gregor Mendel use for his research.

Answer 18

Peas. Specifically smooth, wrinkled, green and yellow variations.

Question 19

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 19

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 20

What is the structure of DNA described as?

Answer 20

A double helix

Question 21

What is DNA fingerprinting?

Answer 21

Using someones DNA to create a visual pattern that can be used to identify them.

Question 22

What are the 23rd chromosomes called? What do they determine?

Answer 22

The sex chromosomes. There are two variations; X and Y. Two X’s means that you are female. X and a Y means that you are a male.

Question 23

What are the two types of allele?

Answer 23

Dominant (Only need one copy) and recessive (Need both copies)

Question 24

What is a genetic diagram called?

Answer 24

A punnet square

Question 25

In terms of alleles, what do you know about a person who has a feature that requires a recessive allele?

Answer 25

That they have the gene on both chromosomes (eg Having no Dimples)

Question 26

In terms of alleles, what do you know about a person who has a feature that requires a Dominant allele?

Answer 26

They could have either one copy of the Dominant and one of the recessive, or two copies of the Dominant.

Question 27

An individual who has two identical alleles for a characteristic is...

Answer 27

Homozygous

Question 28

An individual who has two different alleles for a characteristic is...

Answer 28

Heterozygous

Question 29

What is a persons Genotype?

Answer 29

Their genetic makeup regarding a specific feature, eg dd Dd DD.

Question 30

What is a persons Phenotype?

Answer 30

The resulting feature from a set of genes, eg Dimples or No Dimples

Question 31

Being born with multiple fingers or toes is called

Answer 31

Polydactyly

Question 32

What type of gene is Polydactyly?

Answer 32

Dominant

Question 33

What type of gene is Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 33

Recessive

Question 34

Arguments against the use of stem cells in medical research:

Answer 34

They are experimental and could cause side effects such as cancers, all embryos could be a human being, embryos cannot give permission, it is taking too long and money could be spent helping those at present.

Question 35

Arguments for the use of stem cells in medical research:

Answer 35

The embryos used are generaly spare from IVF treatment, stem cells can be sourced from places other than embryos, stem cells could be used to grow entire new organs or repair damaged tissue.

Question 36

What could you do if you were worried about a baby receiving a genetic disease?

Answer 36

Have the embryo screened to check its genetic makeup.