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Human Development > Chapter 5 Sociocultural influences > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Sociocultural influences Flashcards

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1
Q

culture

A

the quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, etc. feeling and believe, tradition passed from one generation to the next. A group’s design for living

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2
Q

Subculture

A

a group within larger culture that is similar it some ways but is different a few

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3
Q

types of cultural in Usa populTION

A

African, latino, AMerican indian, asian Pacific islander

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4
Q

african americans

A

13% of the population, half in the southern states. Virginia proclaimed slavery as legal in 1667, which impacted cultural patterns.

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5
Q

Biracial/bicultural

A

cross of racial and cultural groups in lifestyle and values,. appearence

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6
Q

regional culture

A

local, regional, sectional variations in national culture

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7
Q

urban

A

1000 people in a specific area and 500 in periphery per sq mile

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8
Q

rural

A

less than 500 people per sq mile, area of 400 sq mile with population density lss than 30 per sq mile. “Rural dwellers are more likely to live traditional values.” P. 109

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9
Q

frontier

A

6 persons per sq mile

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10
Q

characteristics of rural areas

A

1.limited access to necessary resources,
2.assumption that wat is done locally is norm
3. lac kof anonymity
4.sense of independence or autonomy
These may make healthcare difficult to obtain, but the internet is helping to decrease disparity.

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11
Q

Socioeconomic level

A

cultural grouping of persons who have a consciousness of cohesion

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12
Q

Religious culture

A

way of believing, living, behaving

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13
Q

Family culture

A

family life ways of living, thinking

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14
Q

culture shittit

A

One can see how that being part of many intertwining cultures can produce huge variations!

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15
Q

rituals

A

systems of prescribed behaviors and procedures. way of doing things

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16
Q

Emic approach to studing culture

A

examine culture thought there eyes

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17
Q

etic approaches to studing culture

A

comparing it to other cultures

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18
Q

values

A

standards held as acceptible

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19
Q

Value system

A

overall concept of how people should life there life, and act in specific situations. Dominant c and other cultural may clash bc of differing values. Western societies – economic status may change, but the original value system may be maintained.

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20
Q

roles

A

expacted behaviors of someone

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21
Q

Linguistics

A

structure and use of langauge and use of verbal and nonverbals

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22
Q

cultural conversations

A

may vary from cultural to cultural, vacob, interruptions, who can talk

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23
Q

dialect

A

a various of a language spoken by distinct ppeople in a specific area

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24
Q

How does language emphasize the values of a culture?

A

because specific cultures have certain way of talking and describing things and languge helps u understand the culture and how to behave

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25
cultural norms and why they change?
1. technology 2. use of other culture inventions 3. education 4. politics 5. changing life styles and values
26
Postmodern/postindustrial society – current influences and how these affect health care
``` standrads for a culture a.emph. on info soceity b.seeking multiple option for resources c. power struggles d increase life span e. changing value and life styles f. highly technological ```
27
Transient culture
focuses on disposable objects and transitory relationships. difficult to maintain culture
28
Linguistic competence
Language and cultural ressistence can give a false impression of health status intelligence of a person and contribute to health care disparities
29
Certain components are present in all cultures, primitive or advanced
``` Influence by climate use of nautural resources geography diet genetics health practises ```
30
Best indicators of what we really are and value
looking at our media
31
Traditional and current values
mainstream, changing
32
American Indian values
values, behaviors, lifestyles conflict with some values of the US society and health care system
33
Second and third generation Latino or Spanish-speaking Americans
have strong values of loyalty to family and large kin groupsthat act as support network
34
Southern Appalachian
have tha exact oppisite values of an upper middle class professional
35
, Spanish-speaking, Middle-Eastern American, American Indian and Asian American groups
value indirect communication, group over the whole, conformity to the group
36
why is self care emphasized?
bc independence is highly valued
37
Hot and cold theory of disease
the effects a substance has or is thought to have on the body.
38
Fatalism
acceptence of fate
39
Susto
agitation, depression from traumatic, frightening experiences death
40
Empacho
gastrointestinal disease from eating dislike food, overeating, eating hot bread
41
Caida de mollera
causing by child falling, nipple being pulled out of mouth too quickly, vomitting crying shitting, fever, reslessness, not able to grasp nipple
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Resfriado
child getting wet and not being changed
43
Catarro constipado
head cold sinusitis
44
Mal ojo, “evil eye”
disease thought to result from looking admiringly at a child
45
stoic
calm and reserved in expressing pain and emotion
46
Social stratification
a person's class, depends on economic, social status, political power, which effects the values u learn and attitudes
47
What determines socioeconomic level?
income, education, where u live, head of household
48
Upper-upper economic group
the 1% who processes most of the money | is adult oriented but childrenno they r special and must do well
49
Very rich
accumulate shitt ton of money
50
Corporate rich
have corporate and tax priviledges Family lineage, inherited wealth, and power for generations. Lives in an exclusive residential area Children are reared by a nanny, as well as the parents
51
Lower-upper economic group
new money, recently good rich similar to upper upper but a lil different Social position because of what they do
52
Power Elite
The very rich who have pivotal position and power and repuation Large cooperations, social organiztions, institutions of state and milltary
53
Creative class level
– 33% of the workforce make a living being mentally creative scientists, engineers, artists, musicians, computer nerds, More likely to link identity and self-worth to their accomplishments than to their employer.
54
Creative class level attitudes, values, NORMS
individuality, meritocracy, diversity, self expression, responisbility,flexibility, time management, prof development, stbaility
55
Upper-middle level
``` Top 15% of the middle class Backbone of the community Investments are important can lead to Upward mobility Work is intellectual instead of manual requiring specialized education ```
56
anomie and relos
disconnection from the world | someone who relocates every 2-4 years bc of there job
57
middle-middle economic group
people how live a comfortable life directors of local agency, trachers, clergy health prof, office workers Parents are child oriented
58
The lower-middle, working or service level:
``` viewed as just getting by hard workers blue collar Rent or buy a small home Child rearing is taken for granted Health care is sought when a person is too sick to work. ```
59
service level
group of people who work with the creative class to provide ncessary services
60
Upper-lower level
families who are having a tough time, real close to poverty or welfare Often didn’t complete high school Menial jobs, but proud to be working
61
Lower economic level – poverty level:
the poor Usually lack access to health care Vulnerable populations
62
Poverty
not having enough money or income to buy minimum goods and services
63
Acute, chronic poverty
sudden reduce of economic means only for a short time | long history of poverty
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Near poverty
people who make $15,000 to $28000 a year
65
Extreme poverty
make half what the poverty live is | $7500
66
Generational poverty
living in poverty of 2+ generations
67
Situational poverty
lost of economic resounces bc of a situational crises
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Poverty threshold
pre tax income,
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Working poor
people who work but dont make enough for an adequate living. 27%
70
Absolute poverty
unable to afford the needs of life
71
Relative poverty
can afford some things but not the normal necessities
72
Cycle of poverty
poor parents leads to poor child and the it repeats
73
Fatalism
belief in fate
74
People who are often poor
Children: under 18 or 21 elderly: over 65 homeless rural populations that have increasing unemployment migrants: people who temporarily move for work reasons immigrants:people how move to a new country and stay for a while Refugee: involuntarily lving outside country of origin to escape persecution asylee: fleeing to avoid political persecution
75
Patterns of child rearing and family relationships in the poor p129
SIngle parent lack of belief in long term goals children bare responsibility earlier unmet needs of parent leads to umet needs of child communication is more physical Harsh inconsistent punishment aggressive behavior is either encoursge of restrained
76
Natural, Supernatural, or Metaphysical treatment for illnesses
weather change, bad food or water gods, demons, spirits nature and body are balance
77
culture-bound illness/syndrome
disorders that are restricted to a specific culture
78
susceptibility to illness
Biological differences Income level affects health care Poverty and ill health are related Long-term ill health may contribute to poverty
79
african american susceptibility
Decline in health Risk factors: smoking, high blood pressure and cholesterol, alcoohol, drugs, Sickle-cell anemia
80
American Indian population:
Higher rates of many diseases: TB, diabetes,-OH, pnuemonia, influenza, Risk factors:smoking, substance abuse, living consitions Morbidity, Mortality: the elderly and children
81
Florence Nightingale:
taught british nurses to work in India
82
Madeline Leininger
developed transcultural nursing. fusing nursing and antrhopology
83
Transcultural nursing
humanistic and scientific study and comparative analysis of cultures
84
Cultural competence and culturally competent care
embracing cultural differences
85
Culturally competent health care providers
.understanding value system not threatened by difference not toleraating inequality advocates for the marginalized
86
Collectivism culture
the opposite of and individualist culture | working together, commitment to relationships, indirect communication
87
Cultural relativity
behavior that is appropiate for one culture might not be in another
88
Ethnocentrism
viewing ones culture as superior
89
Prejudice
preconcieved ideas formed without enough knowlegde
90
culture shock
inability to adjust to the new norms of a different cultural setting
91
cultural assessment guide
``` determine values beliefs customs social structure preferences ```
92
Leininger’s 7 major components of a cultural assessment
``` family/kin groups social life/daily routines political systems laguage and traditions cultural norms religion health and life rituals ```
93
crisis of immigration
1st year sense of relief and happines, anxiety, culture shock 2nd year: culture shock, dissatificatioon, depression, unhappy 3rd year; incr adaption, higher satification, emo improvment
94
Wellness Diagnosis
gaining new info learning new skills new role achieving developmental tasks
95
caring
assisitive supportive facilitativeactions towaards another person
96
Cultural care congruence: three principles
cultural care preservation: preserves cultural values cultural care accommodation: adapts health to dif cultures cultural care repatterning: alter life patterns to help clients change health
97
Communication Principles
1. ) Call the person by title and last name unless the client requests otherwise. 2. ) Adjust your behavior to the client’s culture. 3. ) There may be some topics that they may not be willing to discuss with you initially. 4. ) Explore the client’s priority health issues. 5. ) Realize that some clients will not be expressive verbally or emotionally. 6. ) Give as much time as needed so they will know that you are not hurrying them. 7. ) Acknowledge the male’s opinion in male-dominated households in order to obtain cooperation
98
holistic nursing
goal to heal the person as a whole
99
holism
understanding there is a relationship between biological, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual dimensions of a person

Human Development (4 decks)

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