Chapter 5 - Structure Of Large Biomolecules Flashcards
(30 cards)
Name the four major classes of macromolecules.
The four major classes of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are
Polymers
Most macromolecules are polymers made of
monomers
Which of the three classes of macromolecules form chainlike molecules called polymers.
carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
What is a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds
polymer
A polymer is a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by
covalent bonds
The repeated units are small molecules called
monomers
Monomers are connected by
covalent bonds
Monomers are connected by covalent bonds that form through the loss of a
water molecule
Monomers are connected by covalent bonds that form through the loss of a water molecule. This reaction is called a
condensation reaction or dehydration reaction
When a bond forms between two monomers, each monomer contributes part of the water molecule that is lost. One monomer provides a _______ (—OH), while the other provides a hydrogen (—H).
hydroxyl group
When a bond forms between two monomers, each monomer contributes part of the water molecule that is lost. One monomer provides a hydroxyl group (—OH), while the other provides a _______ (—H).
hydrogen group
Cells invest energy to carry out
dehydration reactions.
Cells invest energy to carry out dehydration reactions. The process is aided by
enzymes
The covalent bonds connecting monomers in a polymer are disassembled by
hydrolysis
a reaction that is effectively the reverse of dehydration
hydrolysis
In hydrolysis, bonds are broken by the addition of
water molecules
Each cell has thousands of different kinds of
macromolecules
Carbohydrates serve as
fuel and building material
Carbohydrates include
sugars and their polymers.
The simplest carbohydrates are
monosaccharides, or simple sugars.
Disaccharides, or double sugars, consist of
two monosaccharides joined by a condensation reaction.
___________ are polymers of many monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
___________ the smallest carbohydrates
sugars
