CHAPTER 5: Structure of the London Market Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is Lloyd’s?
A marketplace, not an insurer.
What is Lloyd’s of London?
A society of members
What did the Lloyd’s Act 1982 bring?
The Council of Lloyd’s, responsible for the management and supervision of the market.
The council has six working members, six external members and six nominated members.
A working member is one who is actively working in the Lloyd’s market. Must be members of the society of Lloyd’s
An external member is one who is a member of the society of Lloyd’s but doesn’t meet criteria of working member
A nominated member is not a member of the society of Lloyds but comes from an outside market.
What can the Council of Lloyd’s do?
Create byelaws (market laws that managing agents must comply to)
Who are the LLoyd’s Franchise Board?
The board that set the market strategy and is responsible for the risk management and profitability targets across the market. Lays down guidelines for all managing agents and other processes.
Who are responsible for the management and supervision of the Lloyd’s Market?
The Council of Lloyd’s.
What is a syndicate? What are the investors known as?
A group of private individuals or corporate investors who carry the risks (provide the financial backing).
Both types of investors are known as underwriting members or Names.
How does liability work for a syndicate?
A syndicate has no separate legal existence and is just the “sum of its parts” (i.e. Members) they have unlimited liability.
How long does a syndicate exist for before needing to renew?
A syndicate exists for 1 year before needing to renew. This is called an Annual Venture.
What is a managing Agent?
An entity/company employed by a syndicate which appoints underwriters who may accept risks on behalf of the syndicate.
They are an authorised person, regulated by the PRA and the FCA. They also decide how to run the syndicate and are responsible for sourcing capital.
What happens after a syndicates year ends?
The book typically remains open for some time (2 years?) to allow premium to come in and claims to be filed or resolved. If after this period some claims are still not resolved or could come in they can look to reinsure the outstanding liabilities (Reinsure to Close - RTC).
What is RTC?
Reinsure to Close, done when a syndicate wants to close its books for a year but has outstanding liabilities.
What was the Lloyd’s R&R?
Reconstruction and renewal, a dedicated reinsurance vehicle was created called Equitas, this reinsured all firms risks after a
What is syndicate capacity?
The amount of capital the members contribute.
Can corporate or individual names be members for multiple syndicates?
Yes they can, members’ agents will advise on these investments.
What is a members’ agent?
They advise their client on the advantages and disadvantages of investing in the Lloyd’s Market.
They have good relationships with Managing agents who are seeking investment. They communicate with the managing agents of the syndicates their client has invested in.
Who authorises a company to transact insurance in the London market?
The PRA, these companies are Insurance Undertakings.
Who are the regulators in the Lloyd’s Marketplace?
The PRA regulate levels of capital etc for insurers. The FCA regulates insurers on conduct of business. Managing agents and syndicates are subject to Lloyd’s regulation.
What are the possible structures of an insurer?
A limited liability company; a mutual indemnity association; a mutual company; a captive insurer?
What is a limited liability company? Who provides the capital?
A company that has its liability limited to the firm. The capital comes from its shareholders.
What is a mutual indemnity association? Who provides the capital?
A group of like-minded customers who pool together to create their own insurance pool and organise managers to run the business.
What is a mutual company? Who provides the capital?
Company owned by the policyholders and serve a specific interest group.Profits are retained in the company or returned to policyholders as a dividend or reduced future premiums. The capital comes from its shareholders.
What is a captive insurer? Who provides the capital?
An insurance company that solely insures the risks from sister companies in the same group.
What is a service company?
A company that obtains its capacity from Lloyd’s syndicates. The syndicate authorises the company to underwrite on its behalf. (Delegated underwriting)
