Chapter 5 Subatomic Particles, Isotopes, and Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

Subatomic Particle

Answer 1

very small particle that is the building blocks of atoms

Question 2

Electron

Answer 2

subatomic particle with a negative charge. has the smallest mass of the three primary subatomic particles.

Question 3

Proton

Answer 3

subatomic particle with a positive charge. considered to have equal mass to neutrons

Question 4

Neutron

Answer 4

subatomic particle with no charge. considered to have equal mass to protons

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

small, dense, positively charged center of an atom. Contains the protons and neutrons. Always has a positive charge.

Question 6

Nucleon

Answer 6

any subatomic particle found in the nucleus. Protons and neutrons.

Question 7

Atomic Number

Answer 7

number of protons in an atom

Question 8

Element

Answer 8

A pure substance in which all atoms have the same atomic number

Question 9

Mass Number

Answer 9

sum of protons and neutrons

Question 10

Isotopes

Answer 10

atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Have different mass numbers but same atomic number

Question 11

Percent Abundance

Answer 11

percent of atoms in a natural sample of a pure element that are a particular isotope of the element

Question 12

Monoisotope

Answer 12

Elements having only one natural form, that is, without any isotopes. Only 23 exist

Question 13

Isobars

Answer 13

Elements having same mass number but different atomic numbers

Question 14

Atomic Mass

Answer 14

the relative mass of an average atom of an element on a scale using the Carbon-12 as the reference. Needs three pieces of info:

1) number of isotopes
2) isotopic mass for each isotope(relative mass)
3) Percent abundance for each isotope

Question 15

AMU

Answer 15

Atomic mass unit

Question 16

Stable Nucleus

Answer 16

does not easily undergo change

Question 17

Unstable Nucleus

Answer 17

spontaneously undergoes change

Question 18

Radioactivity

Answer 18

the radiation spontaneously emitted from an unstable nucleus

Question 19

Nuclide

Answer 19

an atom with a specific atomic number and a specific mass number

Question 20

Radioactive Decay

Answer 20

the process whereby an unstable nucleus spontaneously gives off radiation

Question 21

Half-life

Answer 21

time required for one half of any given quantity of a radioactive substance to undergo decay

Question 22

Alpha Particle

Answer 22

a particle in which two protons and two neutrons are present, emitted by certain radioactive nuclei

Question 23

Beta Particle

Answer 23

a particle, whose charge and mass are identical to those of an electron, that is emitted by a certain radioactive nuclei

Question 24

Gamma Ray

Answer 24

form of high-energy radiation without mass or charge that is emitted by certain radioactive nuclei

Question 25

Parent Nuclide

Answer 25

Nuclide that undergoes radioactive decay

Question 26

Daughter Nuclide

Answer 26

nuclide that is produced as a result of the radioactive decay process

Question 27

Transmutation Reaction

Answer 27

nuclear reaction in which a nuclide if one element is changed into a nuclide of another element

Question 28

Bombardment Reaction

Answer 28

Nuclear reaction brought about by bombarding stable nuclei with small particles traveling at very high speeds

Question 29

Positron Emission

Answer 29

radioactive decay process in which a positron is emitted from an unstable nucleus when a proton is converted to a neutron

Question 30

Positron

Answer 30

a particle with the same mass as an electron or a beta particle, but with a positive energy

Question 31

Electron Capture

Answer 31

radioactive decay process in which an electron in a low-energy orbital, such as the 1s orbital, is pulled into an unstable nucleus, converting a proton into a neutron