Chapter 5 - Table 1-Table 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Deme
Local, inrebreeding population that is defined in terms of its genetic compoistion (ex. Allele frequencies)
Subspecies
Group of local populations that share part of the geographic range of a species, and can be differentiated form other subspecies based on one or more phenotypic traits.
Race
In biological taxonomy, same thing as a subspecies; when applied to humans, sometimes incorporates both cultural and biological factors.
Polytypic Species
Species that consist of a number of separate breeding populations, each varying in some genetic trait.
Ethnobiology
The study of how traditional cultures classify objects and organisms in the natural world.
Enviornmentalism
The view that the environment has great powers to directly shape the anatomy of individual organisms.
Racism
A prejudicial belief that members of one ethnic group are superior in some way to those of another.
Anthropometry
The measurements of different aspects of the body, such as stature or skin color.
Ethnic Gorup
A human group defiend in terms of sociological, cultural, and linguistic traits.
Population Genetics
The study of genetic variation within and between groups of orgnaisms.
Microevolution
The study of evolutionary phenomena that occur within a species.
Polymporphic
Two or more distinct phenotypes (at the genetic or anatomical levels) that exist within a population.
Cline
The distribution of a trait or allele across geographical space.
Maternal-fetal Incompatibility
Occcures when the mother produces antibodies against an antigen expressed in the fetus that she does not possess.
Rhesus (Rh) System
Blood type system that can cause hemolytic anemia of the newborn through maternal-fetal incompatibility if the mother is Rh-negative and the child is Rh-positive.
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) System
Class of blood group markets formed by proteins expressed on the curface of white blood cells (leukocytes).
Autoimmune Diseases
Diseases caused by the immune system reacting against the normal, healthy tissues of the body,
Haplotypes
Combinations of alleles (or at the sequence level, mutations) that are found togethe in an individual.
Duffy Blood Group
Red blood cell system useful for studying admixture between African- and European- derived populations.
Phylogeny
An evolutionary tree indicating relatedness and divergence of taxonomic groups.
Lactose Intolerant
The inabilty to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk. Most adult mammals, including humans, are lactose intolerant as adults.
Balanced Polymorphism
A stable polymorphism in a population in which natural selection prevents any of the alternative phenotypes (or underlying alleles) from becoming fixed or being lost.
Frequency-dependent Balanced Polymorphism
Balanced polymorphism that is maintained because one or more of the alternative phenotypes has a a slective advantage over the other phenotypes only when it is present in the population below a certain freuency.
Heterozygous Advantage
With reference to aparticular genetic system, the situation in which heterozygous have a selective advantage over homozygous; a mechanism for maintaing a balance polymorphism.
