Chapter 5 Terms Flashcards
(35 cards)
Empathy
Empathy is the ability of the nurse to perceive the meanings and feelings of the client and to communicate that understanding to the client.
Acceptance
Avoiding judgments of the person, no matter what the behavior
The nurse who appreciates the client as a unique worthwhile human being can respect the client regardless of his or her behavior, background, or lifestyle. This unconditional non-judgmental attitude is known as _________ and implies respect
positive regard
Examples of positive regard
Calling the client by name, spending time with the client, and listening and responding openly are measures by which the nurse conveys respect and positive regard to the client.
The nurse also conveys positive regard by considering the client’s ideas and preferences when planning care.
_________ is the process of developing an understanding of one’s own values, beliefs, thoughts, feelings, attitudes, motivations, prejudices, strengths, and limitations and how these qualities affect others. It allows the nurse to observe, pay attention to, and understand the subtle responses and reactions of clients when interacting with them.
Self-awareness
_______ are abstract standards that give a person a sense of right and wrong and establish a code of conduct for living
Values
_______ are ideas that one holds to be true
Beliefs
______ are general feelings or a frame of reference around which a person organizes knowledge about the world.
Attitudes
By developing self-awareness and beginning to understand his or her attitudes, the nurse can begin to use aspects of his or her personality, experiences, values, feelings, intelligence, needs, coping skills, and perceptions to establish relationships with clients. This is called ____________
therapeutic use of self
Quadrant 1:
Open/public—self-qualities one knows about oneself and others also know
Quadrant 2:
Blind/unaware—self-qualities known only to others
Quadrant 3:
Hidden/private—self-qualities known only to oneself
Quadrant 4:
Unknown—an empty quadrant to symbolize qualities as yet undiscovered by oneself or others
Nurse theorist Hildegard Peplau (1952) identified _________, or ways one person expects another to behave or speak, as a roadblock to the formation of an authentic relationship.
preconceptions
Preconceptions often prevent people from getting to know one another. Preconceptions and different or conflicting personal beliefs and values may prevent the nurse from developing a therapeutic relationship with a client.
Empirical knowing
obtained from the science of nursing
ex. The client with panic disorder begins to have an attack. Panic attacks will raise pulse rate.
Personal knowing
obtained from life experience
ex. The client’s face shows the panic.
Ethical knowing
obtained from the moral knowledge of nursing
ex. Although the nurse’s shift has ended, he or she remains with the client.
Aesthetic knowing (obtained from the art of nursing)
obtained from the art of nursing
ex. Although the client shows outward signals now, the nurse has sensed previously the client’s jumpiness and subtle differences in the client’s demeanor and behavior.
________ is primarily initiated for the purpose of friendship, socialization, companionship, or accomplishment of a task.
social relationship
If the relationship becomes more social than therapeutic, serious work that moves the client forward will not be done.
_________ involves two people who are emotionally committed to each other. Both parties are concerned about having their individual needs met and helping each other meet the needs as well. The relationship may include sexual or emotional intimacy as well as sharing of mutual goals.
intimate relationship
The intimate relationship has no place in the nurse–client interaction.
The ________ differs from the social or intimate relationship in many ways because it focuses on the needs, experiences, feelings, and ideas of the client only.
therapeutic relationship
(In the therapeutic relationship, the parameters are clear; the focus is the client’s needs, not the nurse’s. The nurse should not be concerned about whether or not the client likes him or her or is grateful. Such concern is a signal that the nurse is focusing on a personal need to be liked or needed. The nurse must guard against allowing the therapeutic relationship to slip into a more social relationship and must constantly focus on the client’s needs, not his or her own.
The nurse’s level of self-awareness can either benefit or hamper the therapeutic relationship. For example, if the nurse is nervous around the client, the relationship is more apt to stay social because superficiality is safer. If the nurse is aware of his or her fears, he or she can discuss them with the instructor, paving the way for a more therapeutic relationship to develop.0
Phases of the Nurse–Client Relationship
orientation, working (identification and exploitation), and resolution or termination
Orientation
The client…..
- Seeks assistance
- Conveys needs
- Asks questions
- Shares preconceptions and expectations of nurse based on past experience
Orientation
The nurse…..
- Responds to client
- Gives parameters of meetings
- Explains roles
- Gathers data
- Helps client identify problem
- Helps client plan use of community resources and services
- Reduces anxiety and tension
- Practices active listening
- Focuses client’s energies
- Clarifies preconceptions and expectations of nurse
