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Honors Chemistry > Chapter 5 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Positive ion

A

cation

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2
Q

Negative ion

A

anion

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3
Q

A compound formed by forces between positively and negatively charged particles is known as a…?

A

ionic compound

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4
Q

The force that holds two atoms together; may form by the attraction of a positive ion for a negative ion or by sharing electrons

A

Chemical bond

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5
Q

The electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound

A

ionic bond

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6
Q

The attraction of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons

A

metallic bond

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7
Q

A three-dimensional geometric arrangement of particles in which each positive ion is surrounded by negative ions and each negative ion is surrounded by positive ions

A

crystal lattice

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8
Q

The simplest ratio of ions represented in an ionic compound

A

formula unit

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9
Q

What type of ion

is made up of a single atom with a positive or negative charge?

A

monatomic ion

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10
Q

What type of ion is a group of atoms bonded together that acts as a single unit with a net charge?

A

polyatomic ion

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11
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A homogenous mixture of 2 or more metals

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12
Q

Chemical reactivity depends on…

A

valence electron configuration

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13
Q

Why are noble gases stable?

A

They have 8 valence electrons and a full outer ring

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14
Q 
In terms of electron configuration, a neutral chlorine atom differs from the noble gas argon by 
 valence electron(s).
A

one

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15
Q

Chemical bonds form by the attraction between ______.

A

positive and negative ions

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16
Q

Transition metal ions may lose their two valence electrons, forming ions with charges of 2+. But they may also lose electrons from an inner ______ sublevel, forming ions of 3+ or greater.

A

d

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17
Q

Elements in groups 11 through 14 lose electrons to form an outer energy level containing full s, p, and d sublevels. What are these relatively stable electron arrangements called?

A

isoelectronic

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18
Q

To designate an anion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, the ending ___ is added to the root name of the element.

A

-ide

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19
Q

Groups 1-13 do what with electrons?

A

lose electrons

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20
Q

Group 14 does what with electrons?

A

lose or gain

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21
Q

Groups 15-18 do what with electrons?

A

gain electrons

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22
Q

Octet Rule

A

atoms tend to lose or gain electrons to reach 8 electrons in their outer valence shell

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23
Q

Isoelectronic Elements

A

When elements lose or gain electrons, they become isoelectronic with a noble gas elements; isoelectronic elements have the same electron arrangement but have different nuclei

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24
Q

Transition metals form and lose what?

A

may form different cations and lose 1-4 electrons

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25
Positive ions are names as what?
positive ions are named as the metal + "ion"
26
Ions with variable changes (transition elements and all basic metals other than aluminum) are named using what to indicate the charge on the ion?
roman numerals
27
Ionic compounds form when...
ions of opposite charges attract each other
28
Three types of bonds
Ionic, metallic, and covalent
29
Crystal structure
depends on the size and ratios of the ions
30
Unit Cell
the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the 3 dimensional structure of the entire lattice
31
Lattice Energy
the amount of energy needed to break a crystal lattice up into seperate ions
32
Ionic bonds are very strong due to...
the attractive forces of opposite charges on ions and these bonds give ionic compounds distinctive properties
33
Properties of Ionic bonds
high melting and boiling points, liquid and dissolved salts are good conductors of electricity, solid salts are poor conductors of electricity, hard and brittle
34
What about how ion size affects lattice energy is true?
Smaller ions produce greater lattice energies
35
For an element in an ionic compound, the number of electrons transferred from the atom to form the ion is the...
oxidation number
36
When writing formulas for binary ionic compounds, the symbol for the ___ is always written first. The number of ions of each element in a formula unit is represented by ___
cation; subscript
37
mono
1
38
di
2
39
tri
3
40
tetra
4
41
penta
5
42
hexa
6
43
hepta
7
44
octa
8
45
nona
9
46
deca
10
47
Metals conduct heat and electrical current well due to the ______ of delocalized electrons.
movement from place to place
48
How could you determine if an ionic compound is binary or ternary?
Binary ionic compounds have two ions and ternary ionic compounds have more than two.
49
The formula unit of an ionic compound shows the...
simplest ratio of the ions
50
The overall charge of a formula unit for an ionic compound...
is always zero
51
Ionic bonds generally occur between...
a metal and a nonmetal
52
Salts are examples of...
ionic compounds
53
A three-dimensional arrangement of particles in an ionic solid is called a(n)...
crystal lattice
54
What is the relationship between lattice energy and the strength of the attractive force holding ions in place?
The more negative the lattice energy is, the greater the force.
55
What ending do you change when the ion ends in -ic?
You change it to -ate
56
The alloy that is formed when the small holes in a metallic crystal are filled with smaller atoms is an ___ alloy.
interstitial
57
What is the name for N -3
nitride ion
58
What is the name for Li +1
Lithium ion
59
What is the name for Fe +2
Iron (II)
60
What is NaBr?
sodium bromide
61
What is Li3N?
Lithium nitride
62
What is (NH4)Cl?
ammonium chloride
63
Cross charges get what net charge
0
64
If an acid starts with hydro is is what...
a regular elements (binary)
65
In binary compounds, anion ends in...
-ide
66
Factors of lattice energy
charge and radius size
67
Octet rule states...
2nd row elements can have a max of 8 electrons
68
What is a hydrate?
water chemically attached to ions
69
An ion is an atom with...
extra or less electrons than normal
70
Isoelectronic means...
having the same number of electrons
71
What is an isotope?
forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei

Honors Chemistry (1 decks)

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