Chapter 5 Test Flashcards
(20 cards)
Whose work resulted in the revision of the periodic law and the atomic number being used as the organizing factor for the elements of the periodic table?
Moseley
Who arranged a number of elements in triads based on similar properties?
Döbereiner
What chemist arranged the elements according to increasing atomic masses and thereby discovered the relationship he called the law of octaves?
Newlands
It is the lightest most abundant element in the universe, is extremely flammable in air, and is used in the industrial production of ammonia.
Hydrogen.
This element constitutes 21% of the earth’s atmosphere and is the must abundant element in the earth’s crust. It is essential for life in all animals and humans.
Oxygen
Existing as diatomic molecules, this gas is tasteless, colorless, odorless, and it accounts for approximately 78% of the earth’s atmosphere.
Nitrogen
According to the Big Bang theory, the very first elements would probably have been
Hydrogen and helium
Oxygen nitrogen, carbon, sulfur
Nonmetals
Fluorine,chlorine,iodine,bromine
Halogens
Boron,silicon,arsenic,germanium
Metalloids
Semiconductors
Metalloids
Good conductors of heat and electricity, usually hard, lustrous, malleable, and ductile.
Metals
Certain characteristics of both metals and Nonmetals
Metalloids
Generally gases or soft solids
Nonmetals
Negative ion
Anion
The minimum energy required to remove the first electron from its outermost shell to make it a cation
First ionization energy
Distance from the center of an atom’s nucleus to its outermost electron
Atomic radius
Positive ion
Cation
Measure of the attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons
Electronegativity
Amount of energy required to add an electron to a natural atom to form a negative ion.
Electron affinity
