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Chapter 5 Test Flashcards

1
Q

fossils found that date back 3.8 billion years

A

archaea

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2
Q

radiolarians and forams are examples of

A

protozoa

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3
Q

eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and mostly multicelluar?

A

fungi

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4
Q

shells made of calcium carbonate and exclusively marine

A

foraminfiferans

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5
Q

occur in variety of shapes including spirals, spheres, rods, and rings

A

bacteria

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6
Q

cytoplasmic extensions resulting in false feet

A

pseudopods

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7
Q

a two part shell with a top and bottom of silica

A

frustule

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8
Q

build shells made of organic debris

A

ciliates

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9
Q

store gentic information in the form of nucleic acid known as RNA

A

retroviruses

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10
Q

a group of photosynthetic bacteria

A

cyanobacteria

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11
Q

hair-like structures used for feeding in the tintinnids

A

cilia

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12
Q

symbiotic dinoflagellates that live within the tissues of coral

A

zooxanthellae

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13
Q

nucleic acid core with a protein coat

A

virus

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14
Q

when diatoms and dinoflagellates can go through periods or rapid growth due to high nutrients

A

blooms

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15
Q

sexual form of reproduction occurs through formation of an auxospore

A

diatoms

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16
Q

possess two flagella in grooves on body

A

dinoflagelletes

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17
Q

silicoflagellates and coccolithospores are examples of

A

protists

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18
Q

primary producers in the oceans are all microscopic photosynthesizers including bacteria, plants, and algae

A

false

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19
Q

viruses do not have

A

A nucleus

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20
Q

bacteriophages are:

A

lysogenic viruses that reproduce by targeting bacteria

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21
Q

prokaryotic cells have:

A

a cell wall

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22
Q

bacteria are particularly important in ecosystems because

A

many are decomposers/saprophytes and recycle essential nutrients

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23
Q

anaerobic bacteria generally

A

are heterotrophs

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24
Q

after ions of evolution on earth today one might find the archaea in which of the following habitats

A

hydrothermal vents

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25
today cyanobacteria form a realtively minor component of the oceans primary producers
false
26
the calcareous mounds formed by the colonies of cyanobacteria that still survive in the shallows of the tropical ocean areas are called
stromatolities
27
sulfide-bacteria that carry on sulfur oxidation can usually be found in which location
mud flats
28
like most plants, unicellular algae generally have which of these features
chlorophyll
29
diatoms have a protective covering made out of which of the following materials
silica
30
diatomaceous earth is used industrially as a
filtering medium
31
asexual reproduction in diatoms usually results in
auxospores
32
dinoflagellates move using two flagella, one wrapped around a central grove, and the other one trailing free
true
33
which of the following organisims are often responsible for toxic red tides and for the diffuse bioluminescence of the open sea
dinoflagellates
34
some dinoflagellates become zooxanthellae that inhabit the tissues of which of these animals, forming generally beneficial partnerships
corals
35
foraminiferans are single cells that form chamberered calcareous shells
true
36
foraminiferans and radiolarians feed by
using a network of pseudopodia to trap food like amoeba
37
lichens are a type of fungus and a _________ thus they are considered autotrophic
algae
38
marine fungi may be common in which of these habitats
mangrove swamps
39
useful features for distinguishing between protistans include all of the following except
structure of the nucleus
40
besides being saprophytes bacteria are ecologically important because they also
can carry on nitrogen fixation
41
-noncellular -nucleic acide core -capsid(protein coat)
viruses
42
capsids consist of
-numerous proteins subunits organized into rod like or many sided shapes -specific proteins that bind with receptors on host cells
43
retroviruses
store genetic information in the form of nucleic acid known as RNA
44
lysogenuc viruses
reproduce by inserting their DNA into the DNA of the host cell
45
bacteriophages
viruses that infect bacteria
46
viruses are common in\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and infect \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
marine waters; bacteria, plankton, fish, sea turtules
47
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or bursting of viral infected cells spills contents and releases large amounts of ________ that can be used by other organisms
lysis; organic matter
48
archaea and bacteria are
prokaryotes
49
-prokaryotic -single chromosomes(some with plasmids) -most with cell wall -great metabolic diversity
bacteria and archaea
50
what is usually extremophiles
archaea
51
what does extremophiles mean
-live in extreme enviornments -tolerate wide ranges in temperatire, salinity and desiccation -can be found in hydrothermal vents and salt flats
52
bacteria
cell wall is semi-rigid but permeable
53
the break down of dead organic matter forms what which are what
detritus; minute particules of organic matter now available as nutrition for organisms
54
chemosynthetic
derive energy from chemical compounds
55
heterotrophs
derive energy from organic matter by respiration
56
alga is
unicellular
57
alga means
singular of algae
58
algae is reffered to as\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ but ____________ exhibit animal like traits
plants; single celled algae
59
diatoms are
-photosynthetic -tellow brown in color -most important primary producer on earth -solitary and unicellular -can form colonies
60
why are diatoms yellow brown in color
photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll A and C and carotenoids
61
what is the shell of silica called when are these found
frustule; diatoms
62
what are frustulez
glassy shells in two halves
63
how do diatoms remain bouyant
oil droplets
64
most diatoms are\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, around half of 12,000 know species are\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. stores excess energy as ____________ for bouyancy
planktonic; marine; oil
65
what are the tiny pores on the shells used for
gas and nutrient exchange
66
some diatoms produce what which is a.k.a _____________ which accumalte in the tissues of organisms
toxin; domic acid
67
if the shellfish or other organism eat these toxic diatoms they can
become ill or die
68
diatoms make
diatomaceous earth which is used in toothpaste
69
diatoms produce by
cellular divison; cell divides and gets half of the frustule
70
since the cell has to secrete the other half of the frustule whst hsppens
they get smaller so in order to regain full sixe they must produce sexually or caast off frustule and grow another one
71
each dinoflagellate has a unique shape reinforced by
plates of cellulose
72
dinoflagellates reproduce by
cellular divison
73
bioluminescent
dinoflagellates
74
zooxanthellae are important dinoflagellates becaue
they have symbiotic relationship with corals, sea anemones
75
what is the phase without flagella called
non-motile
76
a few dinoflagellates lack chloroplasts and live as
parasites
77
pfiesteria
produces very serious toxins that can kill massive fish and harm shellfish
78
where was pfiesteria discovered
outer banks in north carolina
79
blooms are not harmful to marine organisms and people
FALSE
80
these two are protist and unicellular algal
silicoflagellates and coccolithophores
81
-found in marine communities -found on sandy or rocky bottoms -shells of calcium carbonate
foraminiferans
82
foraminferans are
protozoa
83
important contributors of calcareous material on coral reefs or sandy beaches
foraminferans
84
radiolarians
-planktonic -shell of silica -use pseudopods like formainiferans
85
also protozoa
ciliates
86
ciliates
-use cilia for feeding and movement -live as solitary cells -some build shells made of organic debris -live on hard substrate
87
fungi is
-eukaryotic -mostly mulitcelluar -heterotrophic -lack chlorophyll
88
some fungus is symbiotic with cyanobacteria
lichens
89
where do marine lichens usually live
wave splashed rocky shorelines
90
archaea
91
bacteria
92
ciliates
93
coccolithospores
94
dinoflagellates
95
diatoms
96
foraminferans
97
radilarians
98
silicoflagellates
99
viruses
100

Marine (6 decks)

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