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CIS 111_Study for Quiz/Test > Chapter 5: The System Unit > Flashcards

Chapter 5: The System Unit Flashcards

1
Q

Speed, capacity, and flexibility determine what?

A

The power of personal computers

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2
Q

Knowledge of a computer’s power allows you to do what?

A

Make good buying decisions and determine if your current system will run new applications

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3
Q

Competent end users need to understand what?

A

The functionality of the basic components of the system unit

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4
Q

Container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system:

A

System Chassis

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5
Q

Personal Computer

A

Most widely used type of computer

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6
Q

Five most common types of the personal computer:

A

1) Desktop
2) Laptops
3) Tablets
4) Smartphone
5) Wearable Computers

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7
Q

System Unit Types

A
  1. Desktops
  2. Laptops
  3. Tablet or Tablet Computer
  4. Smartphone
  5. Wearable
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8
Q
  1. Desktops
A

The system unit is in a separate case:
1) Tower Units
2) All-in-Ones
3) All components including monitor

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9
Q
  1. Laptops
A

Portable and much smaller:
1) Two-in-one laptops
2) Ultrabooks
3) Gaming

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10
Q
  1. Tablet or Tablet Computer
A

1) Mini tablet

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11
Q
  1. Smartphone
A

1) Most popular device-handheld computer
2) Extend the capabilities of cell phones

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12
Q
  1. Wearables
A

1) Contain embedded computers
2) Smartwatch
3) Activity Trackers

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13
Q

Making IT Work for You - Gaming

A

1) Console Gaming
2) Mobile Gaming
3) PC gaming

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14
Q

Components

A

Although all devices come in many shapes and sizes, they have similarities such as:
1. System boards
2. Microprocessors
3. Memory

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15
Q

System Board

A

The system board, main board, or motherboard controls communication for the entire computer system.

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16
Q

The system board, main board, or motherboard controls communication for the entire computer system.

A

1) All components and devices connect to the system board
2) Data path and traffic monitor: Allows various components to communicate efficiently with one another

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17
Q

Sockets and Chips

A

The system board contains a variety of electronic components:
1. Socket
2. Chips

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18
Q
  1. Socket
A

The connection point for chips

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19
Q
  1. Chips
A

1) Tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of silicon
2) Also called silicon chip, semiconductor, or integrated circuit
3) Mounted-on-chip carriers

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20
Q

Slots and Bus Lines

A

Additional system board components:
1. Slots:
2. Bus lines:

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21
Q
  1. Slots:
A

1) Provide a connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards
2) Provide expansion capabilities for the computer

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22
Q
  1. Bus lines:
A

1) Connecting lines that provide pathways to support communication among electronic components

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23
Q

Microprocessor

A
  1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Processor
  2. Two basic components of the CPU
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24
Q
  1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Processor:
A

1) Contained on a single chip called a Microprocessor
2) Brains of the computer

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25
2. Two Basic Components of the CPU:
1) Control unit: tells the computer system how to carry out a program's instruction 2) Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU): performs arithmetic and logical operations
26
Microprocessor Chips
1. Chip capacities are expressed in word size 2. Clock Speed
27
1. Chip capacities are expressed in word size:
1) Word is the number of bits that can be processed at one time: 16, 32 or 64
28
2. Clock Speed
1) Processing speed or the number of times the CPU fetches and processes data or instructions in a second
29
Multicore Chips
1. Multicore Processors 2. Parallel Processing
30
1. Multicore Processors:
1) Two or more separate and independent CPUs within a system unit (quad-core supports four-course processes)
31
2. Parallel Processing
1) Computer's ability to divide tasks into parts that can be distributed across each core 2) Windows 10 and macOS High Sierra support parallel processing
32
Specialty Processors
Coprocessors: 1) Designed to improve specific computing operations 2) Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) / Graphics coprocessors 3) Designed to handle a variety of specialized tasks -1. 3D images -2. Encrypting data -3. Standard features in gaming computers
33
Memory
1. Holding area for data, instructions, and information 2. Contained of chips connected to the system board 3. Three well-known types of memory chips:
34
Three well-known types of memory chips:
1. RAM: Random Access Memory 2. ROM: Read Only Memory 3. Flash Memory
35
RAM: Random Access Memory:
1. Chips hold programs and data that the CPU is presently processing. 2. Additional RAM can be added using an expansion module called a DIMM (Dual in-line memory module)
36
1) Volatile or temporary:
Contents are lost when the computer is powered off
37
2) Cache memory:
temporary, high-speed holding area between the memory and CPU
38
RAM Continued
1. Virtual Memory 2. Memory is expressed in bytes
39
Dividing a program between memory and storage enables the system to run
Very large programs
40
ROM
1. Read-only memory (ROM) 2. CPU can read, or retrieve data and programs in ROM, but the computer cannot change ROM 3. Contain special instructions
41
1. Read-only memory (ROM):
1) Information stored by the manufacturer 2) Non-volatile and cannot be changed
42
3. Contain special instructions:
1) Start the computer 2) Access Memory 3) Handle keyboard input
43
Flash memory combines the features of:
1) RAM can be updated 2) ROM, is non-volatile 3) Contains startup information -BIOS (basic input/output system) -Amount of RAM -Type of keyboard, mouse, and secondary storage devices connected
44
Many ROM chips are being replaced by:
Flash Memory
45
Expansion Slots and Cards
Expand the system's capabilities: 1) Graphics cards for high-quality 3D graphics 2) Network interface cards (NIC) connect devices to the network via cables 3) Wireless network cards connect devices to networks without cables 4) SD cards: expansion cards for mobile devices
46
Bus Lines / Bus
Connect parts of the CPU and various other components on the system board 1) Pathway for bits representing data and instructions 2) Bus width 3) Architecture and design are tied to the speed and power of the computer 4) Two basic categories of buses: 1. System bus 2. Expansion bus
47
Bus width
Number of bits that can travel simultaneously down a bus
48
Two basic categories of buses line:
1. System bus: Connects CPU to memory 2. Expansion bus: Connects CPU to other components
49
Expansion Buses
Principle types: 1. Universal Serial Bus (USB) 2. FireWire 3. PCI Express (PCle)
50
1. Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Connects external USB devices onto the USB bus
51
2. FireWire
Primarily used to connect audio and video equipment to the system board
52
3. PCI Express (PCIe)
Single dedicated path for each connected device
53
Ports
Socket for connecting external devices to the system unit: 1. Ports connect directly 2. Two Types
54
1. Ports connect directly
1) To the system board 2) To cards inserted into slots on the system board
55
2. Two Types of Ports connect directly:
1) Standard Ports 2) Specialized Ports
56
Standard Ports
1. USB 2. Ethernet 3. HDMI - High Definition Multimedia Interface 4. Thunderbolt
57
1. USB:
Keyboards, mice, printers, and storage devices
58
2. Ethernet:
High-speed networking
59
3. HDMI - High Definition Multimedia Interface:
High definition video and audio
60
4. Thunderbolt
1) Provides high-speed connections 2) Can connect up to 7 separate devices through 1 port
61
Specialized Ports
1. External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment 2. Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) 3. Mini DisplayPort (MiniDP or mDP) 4. VGA & DVI 5. FireWire
62
1. External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
High-speed connection for external secondary storage
63
2. Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
Connect musical instrumental
64
3. Mini DisplayPort (MiniDP or mDP)
Connection to large monitors
65
4. VGA & DVI
Connections to analog and digital monitors
66
5. FireWire
High-speed connections to FireWire devices
67
Cable
1) Used to connect external devices to the system unit via the ports 2) One end of the cable is attached to the device and the other end has a connector that is attached to a matching connector on the port
68
Power Supply
Computers require direct (DC) power, converting alternating current (AC) from wall outlets or batteries. 1) Desktop computers have a power supply unit in the system unit 2) Laptops use AC adapters in the system unit 3) Tablets and mobile devices use internal AC adapters 4) Smartphone can use wireless charging platforms
69
Electronic Data and Instruction
1. Digital electronic signals recognized by computers 2. Analog signals are continuous and created by voices 3. Conversion must take place from analog to digital before processing can occur
70
Numeric Representation
1. Two state binary system consists of only two digits called bits -On = 1; negative charge -Off = 0; no charge 2. Byte = 8 bits grouped together 3. Hexadecimal system: Use 16 digits to represent binary numbers
71
Character Encoding
Encoding standards assign a unique sequence of bits to each character 1. ASCII 2. EBCDIC 3. Unicode
72
Career in IT
1. Computer technicians repair and install computer components and systems 2. Employer look for certification or associate's degree in computer repair 3. Continued education is required 4. Computer technicians can expect to earn an annual salary of $33K-$49

CIS 111_Study for Quiz/Test (9 decks)

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