Chapter 5 - Tissues: Living Communities

Question 1

List the four types of tissues

Answer 1

1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous

Question 2

Epithelial tissue is composed of…

Answer 2

Sheets of cells that cover and line other tissues

Question 3

Examples of epithelial tissue

Answer 3

It lines the bladder, stomach, blood vessels, thorax, skin, and all of the cavities and ducts in the body. Basically, anywhere you wouldn’t want something leaking out/into your body

Question 4

Characteristics of Epithelia are…

Answer 4

Each cell has an apical surface (faces the linen or outside of the organ) and basal surface (faces the underlying tissues)

Question 5

The basement membrane is a mesh work of…the epithelial cell to the underlying…

Answer 5

1. Fibers that cements
2. Connective tissue

Question 6

Basement membrane helps prevent cells from being what?

Answer 6

Torn off

Question 7

Basement membrane acts as a…between the epithelial cell and underlying…tissue

Answer 7

1. Partial barrier
2. Connective tissue

Question 8

Endocrine Glands

Answer 8

“Into the blood stream”
Glands that have NO ducts or tubules & whose secretions are distributed throughout the body
-Produce/secrete hormones into bloodstream or the lymphatic system

Question 9

Exocrine Glands (hint: anal glands classify as these)

Answer 9

“Into a duct”
-Discharge secretions via ducts directly into local areas (not goblet cell)
-Unicellular or multi

Question 10

Examples of epithelial specialization

Answer 10

1. Scales
2. Fur, whiskers
3. Frog skin (secrete mucus)
4. Claws, hooves
5. Beaks
   Etc

Question 11

Surface specialization of epithelial cells vary depending on where they are located. What are the 4 types?

Answer 11

1. Smooth
2. Microvilli (brush border)
3. Cilia
4. Keratin

Question 12

Connective tissue forms connections between…and forms a protective sheath around organs and helps…the body

Answer 12

1. Other tissues, like tendons (muscle to bone)
2. Insulate

Question 13

Connective tissue acts as a reserve for…and provides the…that supports the…

Answer 13

1. Energy (fat storage)
2. Frame
3. Body (bones & ligaments)

Question 14

Connective tissue plays a role in the healing process (T/F)

Answer 14

True! (such as scarring)

Question 15

Areolear (loose connective tissue)

Answer 15

Thin soft tissue that contains collagen and many fibers. These cells are not close together

Question 16

Adipose tissue (fat)

Answer 16

Stores energy, cushions and protects organs. Produces hormones

Question 17

Specialized connective tissues (3 of them)

Answer 17

1. Cartilage
2. Bone
3. Blood

Question 18

Cartilage is found in joints and the…

Answer 18

Ear, nose, and vocal cords

Question 19

Cartilage forms a…bone is formed

Answer 19

framework on which

Question 20

Cartilage can heal after it’s been damaged (T/F)

Answer 20

False! It cannot heal after it’s been damaged

Question 21

Bone is a combination of…fibers and…

Answer 21

1. Organic collagen fibers
2. Inorganic calcium salts

Question 22

Blood’s matrix is…
Ground substance:___
Fibrous component:___

Answer 22

Ground substance: Plasma
Fibrous component: Protein

Question 23

Blood cells:
-Erthrocytes
-Leukocytes
-Thrombocytes
What are their “common” names?

Answer 23

1. Erthrocytes: Red cell
2. Leukocytes: White cells
3. Thrombocytes: Platelets

Question 23

Muscle tissue is composed of actin & myosin fibers (T/F)

Answer 23

True!

Question 24

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 24

1. Skeletal 2. Smooth 3. Cardiac

Question 25

Skeletal muscle has large cells that contain hundreds of... And is usually controlled through...efforts

Answer 25

1. Nuclei and mitochondria 2. Conscious effort (voluntary muscle)

Question 26

Smooth muscle is composed of...that lack striations. Muscle contractions...controlled

Answer 26

1. Small, spindle shaped cells that lack striations 2. Contractions cannot be controlled (nonstriated involuntary muscle)

Question 27

Where is smooth muscle found? (Hint: it's in some autonomic areas)

Answer 27

Walls of hollow organs, exocrine glands, and along respiratory tract

Question 28

Cardiac muscles are held together/connected via___ (Hint: it's like velcro)

Answer 28

Intercalated disks - like velcro to hold cardiac cells together & communicates

Question 29

Cardiac muscle is autonomic and only found in the...

Answer 29

Heart

Question 30

Cardiac muscle contains specialized...that supply signals for the heart to...intervals

Answer 30

1. Pacemaker cells 2. Contract at regular intervals

Question 31

Inflammation is the first step to healing and helps with the growth of new cells (T/F)

Answer 31

True! But only in controlled amounts

Question 32

List the six steps of inflammation

Answer 32

1. Pre hemostasis - vessel constriction 2. Vasodilation - pull white cells& granulocytes (similar to itchiness) 3. Swelling 4. Colt formation 5. Phagocytosis - eats dead/broken cells (poop is brown due to dead RBC) 6. Capillaries return to normal size - Blood flow/fluid leakage in affected area lessen