Chapter 5 Urban Geography

Question 1

Central Business District

Answer 1

The downtown heart of central city, the CBD is marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings.

Question 2

Synekism

Answer 2

the “conditions derive from dwelling together in a particular home or place or space”

Question 3

Urban

Answer 3

The built of central city and suburbs.

Question 4

city

Answer 4

clump of people and buildings clustered together for the center of politics, culture, and economics. Example:SLC

Question 5

agricultural village

Answer 5

a relatively small village, where most of the population was involved in agriculture.

Question 6

agricultural surplus

Answer 6

one of the 2 components, together with social stratification, that enable the formation of cities.

Question 7

Social stratisfaction

Answer 7

enables formation of cities w/ agricultural surplus. The differentiation of society into classes based on wealth, power, production, and prestige.

Question 8

leadership classes

Answer 8

urban elite, consisted of a group of decision makers and organizers who controlled the resource and often lives, of others.

Question 9

first urban revolution

Answer 9

the innovation of the city, which occurred independently in 5 separate hearths.

Question 10

mesopotamia

Answer 10

the region of great cities (such as UR and Babylon) located between the Tigris and Euphrates River.

Question 11

Nile River Valley

Answer 11

Chronologically the 2nd urban hearth dating to 3200 BCE

Question 12

Indus river valley

Answer 12

the 3rd urban hearth dating to 220 BCE

Question 13

Huang HE & Wei river valleys

Answer 13

the 4th urban hearth of present day China dating to 1500 BCE

Question 14

mesoamerica

Answer 14

chronologically the 5th urban hearth dating to the 100 BCE. The ancient cities were religious centers.

Question 15

Peru

Answer 15

the 6th urban hearth

Question 16

secondary hearth

Answer 16

an early adopter of a cultural practice or trait that becomes a central locale from which the practice or trait further diffuse.

Question 17

acropolis

Answer 17

“high point of the city” the upper fortified part of an ancient Greek city, usually devoted to religious practices.

Question 18

agora

Answer 18

the ancient Greece where citizens debated, lectured, judged each other socialized and traded.

Question 19

site

Answer 19

the internal physical attributes of a place including its absolute location, its spatial character and physical setting.

Question 20

situation

Answer 20

the external locational attributes of a place, its relative location, or regional position with reference to other non local places.

Question 21

urban morphology

Answer 21

the layout of the city, its physical form, and structure, Example- Romans influenced by Greeks.

Question 22

functional zonation

Answer 22

reveals how different areas or segments of a city served different purposes or functions within the city. Example- Greek acropolis and agora into a zone for Rome.

Question 23

forum

Answer 23

the focal point of ancient Roman life combining the functions of the ancient Greek acropolis and Agora.

Question 24

trade areas

Answer 24

an adjacent region with in which its influence is dominant.

Question 25

primate city

Answer 25

a country's leading city, always disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national capacity and feeling. Example Mexico city, Mexico, London, England

Question 26

Central place theory

Answer 26

predict how and where central places in urban hierarchy would be functionally and spationally distributed.

Question 27

sun belt phenomenom

Answer 27

the movement of millions of Americans from Northern and Northeastern states to the South and southwest.

Question 28

functional zonation

Answer 28

the division of the city into certain regions (zones for certain purposes (functions)

Question 29

zone

Answer 29

a descriptor that conveys the purpose of that area of the city.

Question 30

central city

Answer 30

the urban area that is not suburban.

Question 31

suburb

Answer 31

an outlying, functionally uniform part of an area, and is often adjacent to the central city.

Question 32

suburbanization

Answer 32

the places by which lands that were previously outside of the urban environment become urbanized as people and businesses from the city move to these spaces.

Question 33

concentric zone model

Answer 33

the structural model of the american city that suggests the existence of 5 concentric land-use rings arranged around a common center.

Question 34

edge cities

Answer 34

the shifting focus of urbanization in the US away from the central business district toward new loci of economy activity at the urban fringe. example- tysons corner, Virgina and Irine ,California

Question 35

megacities

Answer 35

when a city has a large population, a vast territorial extent, rapid in -migration and a strained, inadequate infrastructure.

Question 36

griffin-ford model

Answer 36

developed by Ernest griffin and larry ford, a model of the Latin American city showing a blend of traditional elements of Latin American cultural w/ the forces of globalization that are reshaping the urban scene.

Question 37

shanty towns

Answer 37

unplanned developments of crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and pieces of cardboards that develop around cities.

Question 38

disamenity sector

Answer 38

the very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs and drug lords.

Question 39

McGee model

Answer 39

developed by Mcgee a model that shows similar land use patterns among the medium sized cities of Southeast Asia.

Question 40

Zoning laws

Answer 40

legal restrictions on land use that determine what types of buildings and economic activities are allowed to take place in certain areas Example-Portland ,Oregan

Question 41

relining

Answer 41

North Americans that prevents members of a minority group from getting money to bu houses or property in white neighborhoods.

Question 42

blockbusting

Answer 42

Realtor who solicit white residents of the neighborhood to sell their homes under the guise that the neighborhood was going downhill because a black person or family moved in.

Question 43

commercialization

Answer 43

the transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity.

Question 44

gentrification

Answer 44

the rehabilitation of houses in older neighborhoods happened in central city

Question 45

Teardowns

Answer 45

homes intended for suburban demolition.

Question 46

McMansions

Answer 46

new mansions that are supersized and have a similar look.

Question 47

urban sprawl

Answer 47

unrestricted growth of housing, commercial development and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for Urban planning. exampleoston

Question 48

new urbanism

Answer 48

development, urban revitalization and suburban reforms that are at the walk able neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.

Question 49

gated communities

Answer 49

fenced in neighborhoods w/ controlled access gates for people and cars.

Question 50

informal economy

Answer 50

the economy that is not taxed and is not counted towards a country's gross national income example-drug dealing.

Question 51

world cities

Answer 51

dominant city in terms of its role in the global political economy. example-NYC

Question 52

spaces of consumption

Answer 52

areas of a city, the main purpose of which is to encourage people to consume goods, and services;driven by global media industry.

Question 53

shintoism/taoism

Answer 53

Shintoism Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Shintoism focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship.  Taoism popular Chinese philosophical system based in teachings of Lao-tzu but characterized by a pantheism of many gods and the practices of alchemy and divination and magic 

Question 54

stateless nation

Answer 54

A nationality that is not represented by a state. example kurds, political geography.

Question 55

secularlism

Answer 55

A doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations. Religion unit

Question 56

universalizing religion

Answer 56

a religion that is becoming popular. example Christianity

Question 57

nation-state

Answer 57

a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent. example-Japan