Chapter 5 Vocab Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Tissue
A
Group of similar cells and cell products that arise from the same region of embryo and work together to perform specific functions
2
Q
Matrix
A
Surrounds cell
3
Q
Interstitial fluid
A
Clear gel in matrix
4
Q
Primary germ layers
A
Give rise to all body’s mature tissues
5
Q
Ectoderm
A
Outer layer that gives rise to the epidermis and the nervous system
6
Q
Endoderm
A
Innermost layer that gives rise to the mucous membranes of digestive and respiratory tracts and to digestive glands
7
Q
Mesoderm
A
Middle layer made of more loosely organized cells
8
Q
Mesenchyme
A
Gelatinous tissue composed of fine, wispy collagen fibers and branching mesenchymal cells embedded in a gelatinous ground substance
9
Q
Histological sections
A
Thin slices of tissue that are artificially colored it to bring out detail
10
Q
Fixative
A
Chemical that prevents decay
11
Q
Stain
A
Artificial coloring to enhance detail
12
Q
Longitudinal section
A
Tissue cut in long direction
13
Q
Cross section
A
Horizontal cut
14
Q
Oblique section
A
Section cut between longitudinal and cross section
15
Q
Smear
A
Tissue is rubbed or spread across slide rather than sliced
16
Q
Spread
A
Tissue is laid out on slide
17
Q
Epithelial tissue
A
Consists of sheet of closely adhering cells, one or more cells thick, with upper surface usually exposed to environment or to an internal space on body
18
Q
Epithelial tissue functions
A
Protection Secretion Excretion Absorption Filtration Sensation
19
Q
Basement membrane
A
Later between epithelium and underlying connective tissue
20
Q
Simple epithelium
A
Only one layer of cells
21
Q
Simple squamous
A
Thin
22
Q
Simple cuboidal
A
Square
23
Q
Simple columnar
A
Tall narrow
24
Q
Pseudostratified columnar
A
Not all cells reach free surface
25
Goblet cells
Produce protective mucous coverings over mucous membrames
26
Stratified epithelia
Range from 2-20 or more layers of cells, with some cells resting directly on others and only deepest layer attached to basement layer
27
Exfoliation
Cells separation from surface
28
Keratinized
Found in epidermis and is covered with layer of compact, dead squamous cells
29
Nonkeratinized
Lacks surface layer of dead cells
30
Connective tissues
Most abundant, widely distributed, and histologically variable of primary tissues
31
Connective tissue functions
```
Binding of organs
Support
Physical protection
Immune protection
Movement
Storage
Heat production
Transport
```
32
Fibrous tissue cells
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Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Leukocytes
Plasma cells
Mast cells
Adipocytes
```
33
Connective tissue protein fibers
Collagenous fibers
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers
34
Ground substance
Empty space
35
Glycosaminoglycan
Long polysaccharide composed of unusual disaccharides called amino sugars and uronic acid
36
Chondroitin sulfate
Most abundant glycosaminoglycan
37
Proteoglycan
Shaped like bottlebrush with central core of protein and bristle like outgrowths composed of glycosaminoglycans
38
Adhesive glycoproteins
Protein-carbohydrate complexes that bind plasma membrane proteins to collagen and proteoglycans outside cell
39
Loose connective tissue
Much of space is occupied by ground substance, which is dissolved out of tissue during histological fixation and leaves empty space in prepared tissue sections
40
Sense connective tissue
Fiber occupies more space than cells and ground substance and appears closely packed in tissue section
41
Areolar tissue
Exhibits loosely organized fibers, abundant blood vessels, and lot of seemingly empty space
42
Reticular tissue
Mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts
43
Dense regular connective tissue
Collagen fibers are closely packed and are parallel to each other
44
Elastic tissue
Exhibits branching elastic fibers and more fibroblasts
45
Dense irregular connective tissue
Collagen bundles Ron in seemingly random directions
46
Adipose tissue
Fat
47
White fat
More abundant and is only significant adipose tissue of adult body
48
Brown fat
Found in fetuses, infants, and children
49
Cartilage
Relatively stiff connective tissue with flexible robbery matrix
50
Chondroblasts
Cartilage-producing cells
51
Histology
Study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs
52
Lacunae
Little cavities
53
Chondrocytes
Cells enclosed in lacunae
54
Hyaline cartilage
Clear, glassy microscopic appearance from usually invisible fineness of its collagen fibers
55
Elastic cartilage
Conspicuous elastic fibers
56
Fibrocartilage
Coarse, readily visible bundles of collagen
57
Perichondrium
Sheath of dense irregular connective tissue
58
Bone
Hard, calcified connective tissue that composes skeleton
59
Spongy none
Fills heads of long bones and forms middle layer of flat bones such as sternum and cranial bones
60
Compact bone
Denser calcified tissue with no spaces visible to naked eye
61
Central canals
Cylinders of tissue that run longitudinally through shafts of long bones such as femur
62
Concentric lamellae
Onionlike layers around each central canal
63
Osteon
Central canal and its surrounding lamellae
64
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
65
Canaliculi
Radiate from each lacuna to its neighbors and allow osteocytes to contact each other
66
Periosteum
Tough fibrous material that covers whole bone
67
Blood
Fluid connective tissue that travels through tubular blood vessels
68
Blood plasma
Ground substance of blood
69
Formed elements
Cellular components of blood
70
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
71
Leukocytes
White blood cells
72
Platelets
Small cell fragments scattered amid blood cells
73
Membrane potential
Electrical charge difference
74
Excitable tissue
Nervous and muscular tissues
75
Nervous tissue
Specialized for communication by means of electrical and chemical signals
76
Neurons
Nerve cells
77
Neuralgia
Protect and assist neurons
78
Neurosoma
Cell body that houses nucleus and most other organelles
79
Dendrites
Multiple short, branched processes which receive signals from other cells and conduct messages to neurosoma
80
Axon
Nerve fiber that sends outgoing signals to other cells
81
Lacunae
Little cavities
82
Chondrocytes
Cells enclosed in lacunae
83
Hyaline cartilage
Clear, glassy microscopic appearance from usually invisible fineness of its collagen fibers
84
Elastic cartilage
Conspicuous elastic fibers
85
Fibrocartilage
Coarse, readily visible bundles of collagen
86
Perichondrium
Sheath of dense irregular connective tissue
87
Bone
Hard, calcified connective tissue that composes skeleton
88
Spongy none
Fills heads of long bones and forms middle layer of flat bones such as sternum and cranial bones
89
Compact bone
Denser calcified tissue with no spaces visible to naked eye
90
Central canals
Cylinders of tissue that run longitudinally through shafts of long bones such as femur
91
Concentric lamellae
Onionlike layers around each central canal
92
Osteon
Central canal and its surrounding lamellae
93
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
94
Canaliculi
Radiate from each lacuna to its neighbors and allow osteocytes to contact each other
95
Periosteum
Tough fibrous material that covers whole bone
96
Blood
Fluid connective tissue that travels through tubular blood vessels
97
Blood plasma
Ground substance of blood
98
Formed elements
Cellular components of blood
99
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
100
Leukocytes
White blood cells
101
Platelets
Small cell fragments scattered amid blood cells
102
Membrane potential
Electrical charge difference
103
Excitable tissue
Nervous and muscular tissues
104
Nervous tissue
Specialized for communication by means of electrical and chemical signals
105
Neurons
Nerve cells
106
Neuralgia
Protect and assist neurons
107
Neurosoma
Cell body that houses nucleus and most other organelles
108
Dendrites
Multiple short, branched processes which receive signals from other cells and conduct messages to neurosoma
109
Axon
Nerve fiber that sends outgoing signals to other cells
