Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Question 1

Active Transport

Answer 1

Passage of a substance through the cell membrane that requires energy because the substance is moving from a lower to higher concentration or has very large molecules.

Question 2

Concentration

Answer 2

The number of particles of a substance in a given volume.

Question 3

Diffusion

Answer 3

the natural movement of substance from an area of higher to lower concentration without the need for added energy.

Question 4

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 4

Passive transport of a substance through a membrane with the help of transport proteins.

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

Diffusion of water.

Question 6

Passive Transport

Answer 6

Passage of a substance through the cell membrane that requires no energy because the substance is moving from a higher to lower concentration.

Question 7

Simple Diffusion

Answer 7

Passive transport of a substance through a membrane without help of transport proteins.

Question 8

Transport

Answer 8

Passage of a substance through a cell membrane.

Question 9

Transport Protein

Answer 9

Protein in a cell membrane that helps molecules pass through the membrane, by either forming a channel for the molecules or carrying the molecules through the membrane.

Question 10

Vesicle Transport

Answer 10

use of a vesicle to actively transport a substance across a cell membrane

Question 11

Autotroph

Answer 11

Organism that makes glucose (“self-feeder”)

Question 12

Calvin Cycle

Answer 12

Second stage of photosynthesis that takes place in the Stroma of a chloroplast and in which carbon dioxide is used to produce glucose using energy in ATP and NADPH.

Question 13

Chlorophyll

Answer 13

A green pigment in the chloroplasts of plans and plant-like protests that gives them their green color and absorbs light energy during the process of phototsynthesis.

Question 14

Chloroplast

Answer 14

A type of plastic, or plant organelle, that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis.

Question 15

Glucose

Answer 15

A simple sugar that all living things use to store and transport energy.

Question 16

Heterotroph

Answer 16

A living thing that obtains glucose by eating other organisms (“other feeder”)

Question 17

Light Reactions

Answer 17

First stage of photosynthesis in which energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and temporarily transferred to ATP and NADPH.

Question 18

Phototsynthesis

Answer 18

The process in which glucose is made from carbon dioxide and water using the energy in light.

Question 19

Stroma

Answer 19

A fluid-filled space inside a chloroplast where the second stage of photosynthesis (Calvin cycle) occurs.

Question 20

Thylakoid

Answer 20

A flattened sac of membrane inside a chloroplast where the first stage of photosynthesis (light reactions) occurs.

Question 21

Aerobic

Answer 21

Relating to any organism or process that requires oxygen.

Question 22

Anaerobic

Answer 22

Relating to any organism or process that does not require oxygen.

Question 23

Cellular Respiration

Answer 23

A process in which cells break down glucose, release the stored can energy, and use the energy to make ATP.

Question 24

Electron Transport

Answer 24

The third stage of cellular respiration, which occurs on the inner membrane of mitochondria, requires oxygen, and produces up to 34 molecules of ATP.

Question 25

Fermentation

Answer 25

Form of respiration that takes place without oxygen in bacteria, yeast, and some other cells; types includ lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.

Question 26

Glycolysis

Answer 26

The first stage of cellular respiration, which occurs in the cytoplasm, requires no oxygen, and produces two molecules of ATP.

Question 27

Krebs Cycle

Answer 27

The second stage of cellular respiration, which occurs in the matrix of mitochondria, requires oxygen and produce two molecules of ATP.