Chapter 5 - Zoonotic and Vectorborne Flashcards
(49 cards)
Vector borne diseases
Malaria
Leishmaniasis
Plague
Lyme disease
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Leishmaniasis affects:
Residents of Middle Eastern countries
Plague
Remains a serious threat to the world’s populations
Malaria
An endemic to warmer countries
Annual death toll is more than 1 mil with 300-500 mil cases occurring each year
Ronald Ross
An Indian medical service officer discovered the malaria parasite in 1897 when he dissected mosquitoes
Four human forms of malaria
P. falciparum (most deadly type), P. vivax, P ovale, and P. malariae
Principal vector for malaria
Anopheles
How long does it take for Malaria symptoms to develop?
9-14 days after the bite of an infected mosquito
WHO submitted a plan to the World Health Assembly in 1955
for a global eradication of malaria involving spraying, drug treatment, and surveillance
Countries that had limited success for malaria eradication
Indonesia, Arghanistant, Haiti, and Nicaragua
3 forms of Leishmaniasis
Visceral, muco-cutaneous, and cutaneous
Reservoir of Leishmaniasis
Rodents, human beings, and carnivores (dosmetic dogs)
Rift Valley Fever
Cause an outbreak in Kenya in 1950-1951 that caused the death of approximately 100,000 sheep
3 forms of anthrax
Cutaneous, inhalational, gastrointestinal
Influenza A
wild and aquatic birds are the main natural reservoir
influence B
Confined to humans
Influenza C
Not responsible for widespread endemics
CERLA
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
Heavy metals in the CERCLA list
Arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, Chromium, and phosphorus
Major toxic metals with multiple effects
Arsenic, lead and mercury
Cadmium, beryllium, chromium, nickel
Heavy metals
Are with high atomic weigh with a specific gravity that exceeds the specific gravity of water by 5 or more times
Essential metals with potential toxicity
Iron, copper, manganese, and zinc
Cobalt, magnesium
Essentials metals with concentrations greater than trace amounts
Have the potential for toxicity
Metals used in medical therapy
Aluminum and lithium
