Chapter 5.1

Question 1

How long does it take for a baby snake to shed its skin

Answer 1

Twice a month

Question 2

What is the boulengerula taitanus

Answer 2

A leg less underground amphibian found in kenya

Question 3

What is special about boulengerula taitanus

Answer 3

They peel and eat their momas skin

Question 4

Describe the moma boulengerula taitanus

Answer 4

The skin is rich in fat

Loses 14% body weight

Question 5

Describe the boulengerula taitanus teeth

Answer 5

Spoon shaped: scraping
Spike points: piercing skin
Grappling hooks: staying attached to the mom

Question 6

How does the new skin grow

Answer 6

Cell division

Question 7

What is cell division controlled by

Answer 7

Specialized proteins in the nucleus

Question 8

When do your cells start dividing

Answer 8

Begin as fertilized eggs

Question 9

What happens after puberty

Answer 9

Body growth slows

Still continued to replace cells like skin cell, stomach cells, and intestinal cells

Question 10

Which cells right not continue to Divide when you’re an adult

Answer 10

Muscle and nerve cells but they still continue functions for survival

Question 11

What is the life span of a skin cell

Answer 11

20 days

Question 12

What is the life span of a liver cell

Answer 12

200 days

Question 13

What is the life span of a brain cell

Answer 13

30-50 years

Question 14

What is the life span on red blood cells

Answer 14

120 days

Question 15

What is the life span of stomach lining cells

Answer 15

2 days

Question 16

What is the life span of intestinal lining cells

Answer 16

3 days

Question 17

What are the 3 stages of cell cycle

Answer 17

Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

Question 18

Give an example for interphase

Answer 18

Cell in stomach lining making and real easing enzymes that digest food

Question 19

What percent of dust at home is flakes of skin

Answer 19

70%

Question 20

What is the job of interphase

Answer 20

Cells carry functions necessary for survival and cells that divide prepare for reproduction

Question 21

What is mitosis

Answer 21

• Divides the duplicated contents on cells nucleus into two
• Shortest step
• Two daughter nuclei with same number and kinds of chromosomes, identical to parent

Question 22

What is cytokinesis

Answer 22

Separates two nuclei and cell contents into 2 daughter cells

Question 23

Describe the first phase of interphase

Answer 23

Growth and preparation

• Cell gets bigger
• Makes proteins and molecules for cell function
• Some organelles begin to duplicate

Question 24

How long does it take for a snake to shed its skin

Answer 24

3-4 times a year

Question 24

Describe the second phase of interphase

Answer 24

Replication - Cell copies 3 billion base pairs DNA in nucleus so it has 2 sets of DNA - DNA unwinds, ladder breaks apart and each side becomes a pattern or template on new side formed - Resultes in two DNA molecules that have same sequence of base original DNA have - Idenital copy of gene

Question 25

Describe the last step of interphase

Answer 25

Continued Growth and Preparation - Continues to grow - Makes proteins that will be formed after cytokinesis - Chromatin in loosely coiled form so DNA can be copied to RNA so proteins made for cell division - Mitochondrion, chloroplasts duplicated

Question 26

What is the centromere

Answer 26

- Joins sister chromatids | - Organize spindle fibres during mitosis

Question 27

What is the sister chromatids

Answer 27

Ends of chromosome like the | X the points ya

Question 28

What are the phases of mitosis

Answer 28

``` Early prophase Late prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase ```

Question 29

Describe early prophase

Answer 29

- Replicated chromosomes coil into X shape - Nucleolus disappears, nuclear membrane begins to break down - Spindle fibres stretch access cell from centrioles that have moved opposite ends of cell

Question 30

Describe late prophase

Answer 30

- Spindle fibres complete forming - Chromosomes attach spindle fibres to centromere - Nuclear membrane disappears

Question 31

Describe metaphase

Answer 31

-Spindle fibres tug chromosomes into middle of cell

Question 32

Describe anaphase

Answer 32

- Spindle fibres pulls centromeres apart allowing sister chromatids to move opposite poles of cell - once seperated, sister chromatids is chromosomes

Question 33

Describe telophase

Answer 33

- Complete set chromosomes at each pole - Spindle fibres disappears - Nucleur membrane formed around each set chromosomes - Nucleolus appears in each nucleus

Question 34

What do checkpoints in cells do

Answer 34

-Special proteins at check points monitor cell activity and info to the nucleus

Question 35

When will cells NOT divide

Answer 35

- not enough nutrients for cell growth - DNA in nucleus has not been replicated - DNA damaged - chromosomes haven't attached to spindle fibres in metaphase - chromosomes haven't moved to poles in anaphase

Question 36

What happens if a mutation occurs in gene producing instructions for checkpoint protein

Answer 36

Cell cycle control lost, cell may divide uncontrollably

Question 37

What is cancer

Answer 37

- Certain disease that is uncontrolled division | - Do not respond to message from nearby cells so they begin to grow multiple layers forming a tumour

Question 38

Describe cancer cells

Answer 38

- large abnormal nuclei, result in cell division before checkpoints don't function and chromosomes divide incorrectly - not specialized, do not function as part of your body because doesn't make that protein for that cell

Question 39

How does a tumour form

Answer 39

- cancer cells release chemicals to attract nearby blood vessels that branch out in tumour and deliver nutrients - nutrients feed tumour and divide more quickly

Question 40

How can cancer spread to other parts of your body

Answer 40

If some tumour cells break away and blood vessels carry to a new location where they divide and form a new tumour

Question 41

What is a potential treatment for cancer

Answer 41

Drugs that block cell division in cancer cell preventing a tumour forming

Question 42

Describe cytokinesis

Answer 42

- Seperates two nucleus into daughter cells - Identical to parent cell - Animal cell: cell membrane pinch together to divide cell cytoplasm and organelles