Chapter 51- Animal Behavior

Question 1

Proximate questions

Answer 1

How questions, genetically how the behavior got there

Question 2

Ultimate questions

Answer 2

Why questions, evolutionary significance

Question 3

Fixed action pattern

Answer 3

Largely invariant behavior pattern

Question 4

Sign stimulus

Answer 4

Simple cue that triggers fixed action patterns

Question 5

Communication

Answer 5

The transmission and reception of signals by animals

Question 6

Four types of communication are-

Answer 6

Visual, auditory, chemical(usually pheromones), and tactile

Question 7

Learning

Answer 7

Modification of behavior based on experience

Question 8

Imprinting

Answer 8

Formation at a specific stage of life of long lasting behavioral responses

Question 9

Sensitive period

Answer 9

Specific length of time where imprinting must occur or it never will

Question 10

Spacial learning

Answer 10

Establishment of a memory of landmarks in the environment

Question 11

Cognitive map

Answer 11

Representation in the nervous system of the spastic relationships in the environment

Question 12

Associative learning

Answer 12

Learning where associations are made between experiences

Question 13

Two types of associative learning-

Answer 13

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning

Question 14

Classical conditioning

Answer 14

Stimulus becomes associated with a particular outcome

Question 15

Operant conditioning

Answer 15

Animal learns to associate behavior with reward or punishment, then learns to either repeat or avoid that behavior

Question 16

Cognition

Answer 16

Process of knowing that involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgment

Question 17

Social learning

Answer 17

Learning by watching others perform the behavior

Question 18

Optimal foraging model

Answer 18

Idea that natural selection favors foraging that minimizes cost of foraging and maximizes foraging benefits

Question 19

Pair bond systems

Answer 19

Promiscuous, monogamy, polygyny, polyandry

Question 20

Game theory

Answer 20

Way of thinking of evolution where behavioral phenotype are influenced by other behavioral phenotypes

Question 21

Altruism

Answer 21

Behavior that reduces an individual’s fitness but increases others’ within the population

Question 22

Inclusive fitness

Answer 22

Total effect an individual has on proliferating genes by producing offspring and aiding close relatives so they can produce offspring

Question 23

Behavior

Answer 23

Sum of responses to stimuli that includes muscular as well as non muscular activity