Chapter 52 Vocab

Question 1

Acromegaly

Answer 1

Progressive enlargement of peripheral body parts resulting from excessive secretion of growth hormone

Question 2

Addisonian Crisis

Answer 2

Acute adrenocortical insufficiency; characterized by hypotension, cyanosis, fever, nausea/vomiting, and classic signs of shock

Question 3

Addison’s Disease

Answer 3

Chronic adrenocortical insufficiency due to inadequate adrenal cortex function

Question 4

Adrenalectomy

Answer 4

Surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands

Question 5

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Answer 5

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, essential for growth and development

Question 6

Adrenogenital Syndrome

Answer 6

Masculinization in women, feminization in men, or premature sexual development in children; result of abnormal secretion of adrenocortical hormones, especially androgens

Question 7

Androgens

Answer 7

Male sex hormones

Question 8

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 8

Chemical reactions occurring when the body is at rest

Question 9

Calcitonin

Answer 9

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; participates in calcium regulation

Question 10

Chvostek’s Sign

Answer 10

Spasm of the facial muscles produced by sharply tapping over the facial nerve in front of the parotid gland and anterior to the ear; suggestive of latent tetany in patients with hypocalcemia

Question 11

Corticosteroids

Answer 11

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex or their synthetic equivalents; also referred to as adrenalcortical hormone and adrenocorticosteroid; consist of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens

Question 12

Cushing Syndrome

Answer 12

Group of symptoms produced by an oversecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone; characterized by truncal obesity, “moon face,” acne, abdominal striae, and hypertension

Question 13

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 13

Condition in which abnormally large volumes of dilute urine are excreted as a result of deficient production of vasopressin

Question 14

Dwarfism

Answer 14

Generalized limited growth resulting from insufficient secretion of growth hormone during childhood

Question 15

Endocrine

Answer 15

Secreting internally; hormonal secretion of a ductless gland

Question 16

Euthyroid

Answer 16

State of normal thyroid hormone production

Question 17

Exocrine

Answer 17

Secreting externally; hormonal secretion from excretory ducts

Question 18

Exophthalmos

Answer 18

Abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

Question 19

Glucocorticoids

Answer 19

Steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone; produce a rise of liver glycogen and blood glucose

Question 20

Goiter

Answer 20

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 21

Graves’ Disease

Answer 21

A form of hyperthyroidism; characterized by a diffuse goiter and exophthalmos

Question 22

Hormones

Answer 22

Chemical transmitter substances produced in one organ or part of the body and carried by the bloodstream to other cells or organs on which they have a specific regulatory effect; produced mainly by endocrine glands

Question 23

Hypophysectomy

Answer 23

Removal or destruction of all or part of the pituitary gland

Question 24

Mineralcorticoids

Answer 24

Steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex

Question 25

Myxedema

Answer 25

Severe hypothyroidism

Can be with or without edema

Question 26

Negative Feedback

Answer 26

Regulating mechanism in which an increase or decrease in the level of a substance decreases or increases the function of the organ producing the substance

Question 27

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 27

Adrenal medulla tumor

Question 28

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion

Answer 28

Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland despite low serum osmolality level

Question 29

Thyroidectomy

Answer 29

Surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland

Question 30

Thyroiditis

Answer 30

Inflammation of the thyroid gland; may lead to chronic hypothyroidism or may resolve spontaneously

Question 31

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

Answer 31

Released from the pituitary gland; causes stimulation of the thyroid, resulting in release of T3 and T4

Question 32

Thyroid Storm

Answer 32

Severe life-threatening hyperthyroidism precipitated by stress; characterized by high fever, extreme tachycardia, and altered mental state

Question 33

Thyrotoxicosis

Answer 33

Condition produced by excessive endogenous or exogenous thyroid hormone

Question 34

Thyroxine

Answer 34

Thyroid hormone; active iodine compound formed and stored in the thyroid; deiodinated in peripheral tissues to form triiodothyronine; maintains body metabolism in a steady state

Question 35

Triiodothyronine

Answer 35

Thyroid hormone; formed and stored in the thyroid; released in smaller quantities, biologically more active, and with faster onset of action than T4; widespread effect on cellular metabolism

Question 36

Trousseau’s Sign

Answer 36

Carpopedal spasm induced when blood flow to the arm is occluded using a blood pressure cuff or tourniquet, causing ischemia to the distal nerves; suggestive sign for latent tetany in hypocalcemia

Question 37

Vasopressin

Answer 37

Antidiuretic hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary