chapter 54, exam 2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
diabetes mellitus
group of metabolic diseases associated with dysregulation of blood glucose
what does hyperglycemia result from?
an absolute insulin deficiency, inadequate secretion of insulin, and?or resistance to insulin action
complications of diabetes mellitus
kidney failure
retinopathy
atherosclerosis/coronary artery disease
stroke
periodontal disease on patients with diabetes
more frequent and severe, 2-4 times greater risk
dental caries risk with patients with diabetes
2-3 times higher risk
insulin
hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas
directly affects every organ in the body
what is insulin the key to?
opening the cells to uptake glucose for energy
absolute insulin deficiency (type 1)
hyperglycemia
the 3 P’s of type I
polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
polyuria
large amounts of urine produced and excreted
polydipsia
fluid loss signals excessive thirst to the brain
polyphagia
cells starved for glucose cause an increase in appetite and food intake, but weight loss is common
diabetic ketoacidosis
may lead to diabetic coma or death if not treated
impaired secretion or action of insulin (type 2)
inadequate insulin secretion or diminished tissue response
hypoglycemia/insulin shock
too much insulin, too low blood glucose
hyperinsulinemia
too much insulin=low blood glucose(hypoglycemia)
hyperglycemic reaction/diabetic coma (ketoacidosis)
too much food
less exercise
alcohol abuse
too little insulin
kussmaul breathing
may be seen in undiagnosed or uncontrolled type I diabetic
rule of 15s
managing hypoglycemia
15 grams for every 15 minutes
diabetes risk factors
- genetic
- metabolic
- environmental
polycystic ovarian syndrome
development of more male hormones than normal
metformin
most frequently used to manage blood glucose in prediabetes
unknown etiology, autoantibodies
insulin dependent
type I
majority of patients, insulin resistance
type II
