Chapter 54 - Orthopaedic Molecular and Cellular Biology, Genetics, and Immunology

Question 1

types of collagen

Answer 1

I; skin, tendon, bone, annulus of intervertebral disk, fibrocrtilage
II: articular cartilage, nucleus pulposis of vertebral disk
III: skin, mm, blood vessels
IV: basement membrane, capillaries
V: associated with type I collagen
IX: articular cartilage
X: articular cartilage, mineralization of cartilage in epiphyseal plate
XI: articular cartilage

Question 2

Mitochondrial disorders are passed exclusively:

Answer 2

from mother to child
mitochondrial DNA is found ONLY in egg cells, not in sperm cells

Question 3

intron

Answer 3

non-coding portion of DNA

Question 4

exon

Answer 4

coding portion of DNA

Question 5

oncogene associated with osteosarcoma

Answer 5

HST1 - overproduction of fibroblast growth factor

Question 6

tumor suppressor gene related to osteosarcoma

Answer 6

Rb - retinoblastoma

Question 7

tumor suppressor gene related to Li-Fraumeni

Answer 7

p53 (soft tissue sarcomas and osteosarcomas)

Question 8

Major regulators of chondrocyte differentiation

Answer 8

Sox5
Sox6
Sox9

Question 9

regualtor of chondrocyte hypertrophy

Answer 9

Runx2

Question 10

Major transcription factors in osteoblast differentiation

Answer 10

Runx2
osterix

Question 11

key transcription factor in adipocyte differntiation

Answer 11

PPARy

Question 12

two properties that define an embryonic stem cell

Answer 12

1. pluripotency: ability of ESC to differentiate into cells of any of the three germ layers - mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm
2. self renewal