Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Care Of Adult 3 > Chapter 55 - Assessment Of GI System > Flashcards

Chapter 55 - Assessment Of GI System Flashcards

(45 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

6 steps of GI tract

A 
Ingestion
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Movements
Absorption
Elimination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

3 functions of GI system

A

Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing, movement down esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Peristalsis

A

Movement from stomach to small intestine, and small intestine to large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Large intestine

A

Absorption of fluid, electrolytes, and endigestive products (waste)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Salivary amylase

A

Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Upper esophageal sphincter

A

Closed at rest to prevent air from entering the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

A

Closed at rest to prevent contents from the stomach from entering the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pepsin

A

Breaks stuff down

“Chew your face off stuff”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Duodenum

A

Part of small intestine

Common bile duct, and pancreatic duct join to form Ampulla of Vater which terminates at the Sphincter of Oddi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Exocrine gland in pancreas

A

Amylase, Lipase, Trypsin, Chymotrypsin

Responsible for digestion carbohydrates, fats, protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Liver function

A

Storage of minerals and vitamins (A, D, E, K, iron, and magnesium
Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gall bladder

A

Collects, concentrates, and stores bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Uvula

A

Prt of soft palate
Moves upward when you swallow
Prevents food from entering nasal pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rugae

A

Folds inside the stomach

Allows stomach to expand when you eat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 kinds of mucous in the stomach

A
  • thick basic (high pH)= lines the stomach and protects it from the stomach acids
  • thin watery= provides the liquid needed to dissolve and mix the food (turns it to chyme)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

Body needs this to absorb vitamin B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gastrin is secreted in response to any of the following

A

Stomach distention,
Vagal stimulation,
presence of partially digested proteins,
hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which intestine is very, very vascular?

Study These Flashcards
A

Small intestine

19
Q

When a pt has acute diarrhea problems,

Study These Flashcards
A

Think foreign travel. Have you traveled outside of the country lately?

20
Q

When a patient’s breath has a fruity odor,

Study These Flashcards
A

Breath with a fruity odor is associated with diabetes

21
Q

When auscultating bowel sounds, what are bruits?

Study These Flashcards
A

Swooshing noise

22
Q

Normal findings when auscultating bowel sounds

Study These Flashcards
A

High pitch, irregular gurgles, every 5-15 seconds

23
Q

After a pt has abdominal surgery,

Study These Flashcards
A

They will have absent bowel sounds for about 24 hours

24
During an assessment, when should you palpate problem areas?
Last
25
Blumberg's sign
- The abdominal wall is compressed slowly then rapidly released - Sudden pain with release is indicative of appendicitis - make pt NPO in preparation for surgery
26
CBC tests for what in the GI tract?
Anemia, infection, changes in blood elements
27
Prothrombin time (PT)
Dependent on vitamin K Severe and/or chronic liver damage Normal: 11.0-12.5
28
High PT and INR and low albumin levels are indicative of:
Advanced cirrhosis
29
Pancreatic enzymes
Amylase and lipase
30
Ammonia
NH3 Hepatic function Increased levels: hepatocellular injury (cirrhosis, fulminant hepatitis)
31
Oncofetal antigens
Diagnose cancer and monitor treatment
32
Carcinoembryonic antigen
One of the mainstays used to rule out/confirm colon cancer, stomach and or pancreatic cancer Highest risk population: African-Americans and smokers
33
Urine tests: amylase
Acute pancreatitis due to increased renal clearance Remain high even after serum levels are normal Helps with late diagnosis
34
Urine tests: urobilinogen
Form of converted bilirubin excreted by the kidneys | Helpful with diagnosis of hepatic and biliary obstruction, as will be increased before jaundice is seen
35
Stool tests
Blood: -FOBT (uses a form of guild and can give false positives) -FIT (better option) -education: avoid raw vegetables and fruit, avoid red meat, anticoagulants should be stopped within 7days prior Stool DNA: -Detecting colon cancer Stool cultures: -more sensitive than assays, but take three days to get results -test of choice
36
CT
Used more often as they deliver more precise results Allergies to iodine or shellfish NPO four hours prior
37
What teaching is involved after the patient has done using barium?
Push fluids, fluids, fluids
38
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PCT)
X-ray of biliary system using contrast Dye is delivered directly to biliary duct system via percutaneous needle Rarely done today: jaundice and/or severe abdominal pain even after cholecystectomy
39
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
A lot less complications Visual and radiographic examination: liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas Post procedure: -vital signs every 15 minutes until stable -NPO until gag reflex returns -May take two days for symptoms to develop: cholingitis (infection of the common bile duct), bleeding, perforation, sepsis, pancreatitis, fever, nausea, vomiting
40
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
-Most common -Visual exam of esophagus, stomach and duodenum -NPO 6 to 8 hours prior to procedure -Do not take with normal meds morning of test: Anticoagulants, NSAIDs, ASA -IV sedation -Sims position Post procedure: NPO until return of gag reflex
41
Colonoscopy
Hold blood thinners for 24 hours prior to test Avoid red, orange, and purple liquids NPO 4 to 6 hours prior to procedure Must take all of the prep to ensure clean visualization of the colon Give atropine to counteract Vagal stimulation NPO until flatus resumes
42
Ultrasonography
Painless, non-invasive, and requires no radiation or sedation Must drink 1 to 2 L of water prior to test, as a full bladder is needed for proper visualization
43
Liver spleen scan
- IV injection of material that is primarily taken up by the liver - Evaluate liver and spleen for tumors and masses, organ size, location, and blood flow - Avoid use in pregnancy and breast-feeding mothers - Radionuclide is eliminated within 24 hours through urine (Handwashing, double flush with the lid down)
44
Things to consider for radiation and chemo therapy treatment for oral cancer:
Dry mouth, mouth sores, taste changes (metal taste) - rinse mouth often with warm saline or sodium bicarbonate solution - patients often have impaired ability to soften and break down food

Care Of Adult 3 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions