Chapter 58 Eyes / Chapter 59: Ears

Question 1

Assessment and evaluations of the eyes can be performed by using the:
Snellen chart: ____________
Rosenbaum pocket screener: ________

Answer 1

distance
near

Question 2

What are types of diagnostic evaluations for the eyes?

Answer 2

Ophthalmoscopy
Slit-lamp examination
Color-vision testing
Ambler grid
Ultrasonography

Question 3

Refractive errors can be corrected by lenses that focus light rays on the _________

Answer 3

retina

Question 4

Myopia is also known as ______________ (able to see close-up)

Answer 4

nearsighted

Question 5

Hyperopia is also known as _______________ (able to see far away)

Answer 5

farsighted

Question 6

An astigmatism is a _______________ caused by the irregularity of the _________

Answer 6

distortion
cornea

Question 7

Presbyopia is the loss of ___________________ power of the lens — stiffening of the lens in older adults

Answer 7

accomodative

Question 8

Legal blindness = does not exceed 20/200 in better eye or widest field of vision s 20 degrees or less (true or false)

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Absolutely blindness = absence of ________ perception

Answer 9

light

Question 10

*Caring for client with blindness or low vision**
- Talk with the person as you would any other person
-_________ yourself as you approach
- Tell them when you ______ the room
- Be specific when communicating direction by mentioning specific distance or use clock cues
- Make sure environment is free of _____________
- Offer to read written info
- Identify object the person may need (“Your call bell is on the right side of your bed”)

Answer 10

identify
leave
obstacles

Question 11

____________ injection or __________ medication may be needed to treat some eye structures or to provide high concentrations of medications

Answer 11

Intraocular
systemic

Question 12

Topical medications (drops/ointments) are most frequently used because they are the lease __________, have fewest side effects, and permit ______-administration

Answer 12

invasive
self

Question 13

Glaucoma is a fr up of ocular conditions characterized by increased _____________ pressure (IOP), which is left untreated can damage the optic nerve and nerve fiber layer

Answer 13

intraocular

Question 14

A normal intraocular pressure is:

Answer 14

10-21

Question 15

Risk factors of glaucoma
- __________ history
- D_________
- __________ age
- Prolonged use of _______________
- Previous ______ trauma

Answer 15

family
diabetes
increased
corticosteroids
eye

Question 16

Beta blockers an cholinergic drops cause temporary ___________ and ___________ vision — this is a common side effect and does not go away with continued use, but the drops are necessary to prevent further vision loss in glaucoma

Answer 16

burning
blurry

Question 17

______________ are an opacity or cloudiness of the lense

Answer 17

Cataracts

Question 18

Cataract have an increased incidence with ______, by age 80 years, more than half of all Americans have cataracts

Answer 18

aging

Question 19

What are the three types of cataracts?

Answer 19

Traumatic
Congenital
Senile

Question 20

Clinical Manifestations of Cataracts
- _________, blurry vision
- Surroundings appear __________ (feel like their glasses need cleaning)
- Sensitivity to _____
- Astigmatism
- Diplopia
- Eye changes _________

Answer 20

painless
dimmer
glare
color

Question 21

Retinal detachment is the separation of the sensory _______ and the RPE (retinal pigment epithelium)

Answer 21

retina

Question 22

Manifestations of retinal detachment
- sensation of a _______/________ coming across the vision of ONE eye
- Cobwebs
- Bright flashing ________
- Sudden onset of ______ (but no pain)

Answer 22

shade/curtain
lights
floaters

Question 23

What is known as an ocular emergency?

Answer 23

Retinal detachment

Question 24

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)’s most common cause if irreversible central vision in people over ______ years of age

Answer 24

60

Question 25

**Clinical Manifestations of Age-related macular degeneration** - Blurry and darkened vision - **Scotomas**: blind _______ in visual field - Distorted _________ **Vision does not usually improve

Answer 25

spots vision

Question 26

**Common RF of Age-Related Macular Degeneration** - Long term UV light exposure - **___________ smoking - HTN - _________-colored eyes - Nutritional deficiency - Obesity and inactivity - Lack of vitamin __, __, __

Answer 26

Cigarette Light A, C, E

Question 27

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of __________ between the ages of ____-____

Answer 27

blindness 20-74

Question 28

The _______ ear is an air-filled cavity that included the tympanic membrane and connects to eustachian tube

Answer 28

middle

Question 29

_____________ tube connects to nasopharyngeal and only opens when a person performs valsalva maneuver, yawns, or swallows equalizing pressure in the middle ear with atmospheric pressure

Answer 29

eustachian

Question 30

the tympanic membrane should appear pearly ____ and _____________. It protect the middle ear and conducts sounds vibrations from external canal to ossicles (3 bones)

Answer 30

gray translucent

Question 31

Balance is maintained by muscles and joint of the bod, the eyes, and the labyrinth, all _____________ together

Answer 31

working

Question 32

The vestibular system of the inner ear provided feedback of the _______ and body in space

Answer 32

head

Question 33

Conductive hearing loss is caused by ___________ or _______ ear problem reducing sound transmission to the inner ear. This us usually from an __________ or disease process

Answer 33

external, middle obstruction

Question 34

Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to the chochlea or __________________ nerve (CNVII)

Answer 34

vestibulocochlear

Question 35

_________hearing loss is caused by both conductive and sensorineural problems

Answer 35

Mixed

Question 36

Functional (psychogenic) hearing loss is caused by an _____________ problem

Answer 36

emotional

Question 37

Audiometery is the most common diagnostic tool for ____________. It evaluates frequency, pitch, and intensity of sound. Client wears earphones and signals when a tone is heard.

Answer 37

hearing

Question 38

Deafness is hearing loss so severe there is little or no functional _____________

Answer 38

hearing

Question 39

“Hard of hearing” is when there is enough residual hearing that an auditory device provides adequate _____________ to process speech

Answer 39

assistance

Question 40

Behaviors by those with gradual hearing loss:

Answer 40

Inattentive withdrawing unengaged

Question 41

Cerumen impaction removal bay be done by:

Answer 41

irrigation suction instrumentation

Question 42

Foreign bodies may be removed by:

Answer 42

irrigation suction instrumentation

Question 43

Foreign bodies that may swell (vegetables/ insects) should not be:

Answer 43

irrigated

Question 44

Otitis externa if the inflammation of infection of the auricle and ear _______ epithelium due to infection . Most commonly caused by staphylococcus or pseudomonas, or fungal infection from aspergillosis species

Answer 44

canal

Question 45

Acute otitis media is most frequently seen in __________. Pathogens are most commonly bacterial or viral. This is usually treated with _____________ or myringotomy (surgery it drain area with implanted tubes)

Answer 45

children antibiotics

Question 46

Tympanic membrane perforation is usually caused by infection or _________. Pressure from __________ causes spontaneous rupture. Head injury may cause clear water drainage from ear ______

Answer 46

trauma infection CSF

Question 47

Tympanic membrane perforations usually heals over a few ________ but may leave scar tissue. If healing impaired, may require surgery

Answer 47

weeks

Question 48

Mastoiditis is an infection of the _________ bone (air cells) caused by untreated or inadequately treated otitis media

Answer 48

mastoid

Question 49

**Common signs and symptoms of mastoiditis** - Enlarged ______ _______ behind the ear - ___-_____ fever - Malaise - loss of _________ - loss of appetite

Answer 49

lymph low-grade hearing

Question 50

What are 6 of the common ototoxic drugs?

Answer 50

NSAIDs & aspirin Diuretic Antimalarials Antineoplastic Antibiotics Narcotic analgesic (associated with overdose)

Question 51

Ménière’s disease is the abnormal inner ear ________ balance caused by malabsorption of the endolymphatic sac or blockage of the endolymphatic ducts

Answer 51

fluid

Question 52

**Manifestations of ménière’s disease** - Episodic ________ - Tinnitus - Fluctuating sensorineural _________ _____ ** May also have a feeling of pressure, accompanies by N&V

Answer 52

vertigo hearing loss

Question 53

**Ménière’s disease treatment ** - Minimizing vertigo and provide for patient safety during attacks - Possible _________ until attack subsides in quiet dark space - Medications: antihistamines, anti___________, meclizine - Low _______ diet, no caffeine, alcohol, or tobacco

Answer 53

best rest emetics sodium