chapter 6-10 FRQ

Question 0

what is campaign contributions

Answer 0

it is money given by intrest groups to a candidate for office, they use that technique because it allows the intrest group to gain access to the policy making because amount of money given to candidate

Question 1

what is litigation

Answer 1

it is when intrest groups take an issue to court to get the court to rule on it and they would use this technique because it is set in stone

Question 2

What is grassroots lobbying/ mass mobilization

Answer 2

Large public gatherings such as mass meetings and demonstrations, they will take action to get attention of the officials

Question 3

What lobbying techniques do the american medical association use

Answer 3

They mostly use campaign contributions because they have a lot of money, wouldn’t use grassroots lobbying because they don’t have large membership

Question 4

What lobbying techniques do the Sierra club use

Answer 4

They use grassroots mobilization, they don’t have a lot of money and membership due is small

Question 5

What lobbying techniques do the association for advancement of colored people use

Answer 5

They use litigation (Brown vs board) and grassroots lobbying, but they don’t have a lot of contributions to give

Question 6

What is policy agenda

Answer 6

Set of issues that the government officials decide to talk about or “tackle”

Question 7

How does the national news media engage in agenda setting?

Answer 7

The media raises awareness, and draws attention to problems, which then gets attention of government officials because of pressure by the people

Question 8

Explain the primary reason the president has advantage over congress in gaining media attention

Answer 8

The president is one person while there are many members of congress (535). The president also is more powerful then any individual person of congress

Question 9

Describe difference in the viewing patterns of older and younger age groups

Answer 9

Older people frequently watch the network nightly news nor often then the younger people

Question 10

Describe the change from 1974-2002 in viewing habits for all ages

Answer 10

Viewer ship of all age groups declined from 1974-2002

Question 11

Given the information in the table describe one implication for presidents in their use of media to promote political an policy objective to american public

Answer 11

It is going to be harder to reach people on network nightly news, they need to use alternative types of media to get the attention of the of the young people. Going through the network nightly news will still reach the older people

Question 12

Identify two forms of participation in the political process other than voting

Answer 12

Making a interest group and trying to influence policy making

Running for office to form the political process

Question 13

Explain advantages of each from of participation: joining interest group

Answer 13

Joining a interest group would allow you to gain influence while participating in the political process because of campaign contributions, litigation, and engaging in protest to get the attention of policy makers and the media

Question 14

Explain advantage of this form of participation: running for office

Answer 14

You become a policy maker and you get to set policy agenda due to being in office and part of politics

Question 15

Describe the winner take all feature of the electoral collage

Answer 15

The winner take all feature is called plurality and 48 out of the 50 states give all their electoral votes to the populist voted party in the states to vote for the president

Question 16

Explain one way in which the winner take all feature of the electoral college affects how presidential candidates from the two major parties run their campaigns

Answer 16

The presidents often go to swing states to win those swings states electoral votes, they go to swing states because their vote can be heavily manipulated for the parties favor

Question 17

How does the winner take all system of the electoral collage hinder third parties

Answer 17

3rd parties will get a lot of popular votes but will never get an electoral vote because of not being first in the state, and they most go visit all the states

Question 18

Explain two reasons why the electoral collage has not been abolished: amendment

Answer 18

It would require a constitutional amendment, which requires a super majority and that is hard to do due to people not being able to vote on the same thing because some states like it and will not vote for it

Question 19

Explain two reasons why the electoral collage has not been abolished: tradition

Answer 19

Tradition keeps people from changing it, because most people in the United States tend to be comfortable with what they are used to and a unable to change

Question 20

Describe the pint of view in the political cartoon

Answer 20

There is no need to vote for minor parties because they are so insignificant that if you do vote for them you are basically throwing your vote away

Question 21

How two rules of the United States electoral system acts as obstacles to minor parties

Answer 21

Plurality-winner take all system for electoral votes (they don’t win much)
Hard for them to get federal funds because they don’t qualify
Has to go to each state to campaign
Excluded from presidential debate

Question 22

How do minor parties make contributions to the U.S. Political system

Answer 22

They give people positive outlook
Gives people more choice for who to vote for
They can enhance voter turnout
Bring different ideas into debate

Question 23

What is divided government

Answer 23

It is when one party owns the presidency and the other party owns 1 of the 2 houses of congress

Question 24

Explain how divided government has contributed to the decline in trust and confidence in government

Answer 24

Gridlock-nothing gets done due to the government fighting and arguing with each other
Confirmation process gets slowed down so people loose confidence in the govt
Filibusters president nominee holds

Question 25

Explain how increase cost of election campaigns has contributed to the decline in trust and confidence in government

Answer 25

The mass amount of money used to campaign is ridiculous, wasteful spending and people often think that they are just easing money and not doing anything
Officials buy their spot in politics
Wealthy people get a lot of influence

Question 26

Explain two specific consequences of te decline in trust and confidence in the government for individual political behavior

Answer 26

People are less likely to vote ( decline in voter turnout)
Increase in third party votes (people loose hope in the others)
Political violence, protests movement, unconventional ways of not voting (not participating)

Question 27

Decline of voting turnout in federal elections can be explained by what factors

Answer 27

decrease in sense of efficacy ( because of electoral college w/ sates who are solid republicans, the minority in that state who are democratic feel like their vote doesn’t count
Dealignment- less likely to vote for specific party

Question 28

Decline of voting turnout in federal elections can be explained by what factors

Answer 28

Dealignment is caused by less trust in government which leads to rising cynicism (people feel like both party have horns, so they don’t vote) which leads to less voting which leads to relocating

Question 29

Identify two reasons why voter turnout has been higher in presidential elections then midterms elections

Answer 29

More info is provided for the presidential election the. The midterm election
Media put out more for the presidential election
People tend to think the presidential election is more important

Question 30

Identify one specific trend evident to the figure above

Answer 30

Percent of southern states seats in the United States House of Representatives have gone down

Question 31

Incumbency advantage of southern voters between 1948 to 2000

Answer 31

Congress incumbent is mor likely to re run and the south states still gradually vote for them decreasing every year

Question 32

Gerrymandering of southern voters form 1948 to 2000

Answer 32

Creates safe seat for democratic people in the state so even though state as a whole is republican there are pockets were they are democratic

Question 33

Change of Catholics in party composition

Answer 33

Used to vote exclusively for democratic but they now tend to vote less reliably for democrats ( now are split in votes for the parties )

Question 34

Labor unions members change in party composition

Answer 34

Used to exclusively for democrats buT are now less reliable to vote for democratic and there is less of them now

Question 35

Women change in party composition

Answer 35

Women used to show no difference in 1980, but today there is a gender gap and women vote as much democratic as men vote democratic

Question 36

Social conservatives change in party composition

Answer 36

Did not exist prior to the 1980s, started with roe vs wade after the court ruling they believed their morals were being attacked by the govt, this group has become a distinctive voting block for democratic a cause they are republican

Question 37

Identify fundamental goal of interest groups

Answer 37

Influence policy makers

Question 38

Fundamental goal of major political parties in political process

Answer 38

Control government policy by being elected

Question 39

Describe two different ways by which interest groups support political parties

Answer 39

Campaign contributions
Spreading word
Mobilization
Endorsement of candidate

Question 40

For one of the forms of support explain two different ways in which it helps interest group achieve their goal

Answer 40

Contributions
-like minded people come together
- expecting something in return
(Give money now you give me something in return

Question 41

How is age related to the lucky hood of voting

Answer 41

Older people tend to vote and younger people tend to vote less

Question 42

Education in relation to likely hood in voting

Answer 42

More educated people tend to vote and less educated people tend to vote less

Question 43

Identify one current government electoral requirement that decreases voting turnout

Answer 43

You sometimes have to register to vote and people don’t want to take the time to do that so they don’t vote
Age requirement- need to show your id
Closed primaries- eliminates independent voters

Question 44

How does the media connect people to the government

Answer 44

Informs people and allows them to make decisions on who to vote for

Question 45

How does the interest groups connect people to the government

Answer 45

People form groups to influence policy

Question 46

How does the political party connect people to the government

Answer 46

It allows people to get involved in political process