Chapter 6

Question 1

What is the shape and properties of group two?

Answer 1

linear, 180°, 2 bond pair and no lone pairs

Question 2

What is the shape and properties of group 3?

Answer 2

Trigonal planar, 120°, 3 bond pairs and no lone pairs

Question 3

What is the properties and shape of group 4?

Answer 3

Tetrahedral, 109.5°, 4 bond pairs and no lone pairs

Question 4

What is the shape and properties of group 5?

Answer 4

Pyramidal, 107º, 3 bond pairs and one one pair

Question 5

What is the shape and properties of group 6?

Answer 5

Non-linear, 104.5°, 2 bond pair 2 lone pair

Question 6

Why are electrons equally spaced out?

Answer 6

Repulsion’s are equal

Question 7

What happens to the shape it lone pairs are present?

Answer 7

Shape is distorted

Question 8

Why is the shape distorted with the addition of lone pairs?

Answer 8

Extra repulsion is caused by lone pairs

Question 9

How much do lone pairs push bond angle down by?

Answer 9

2.5°

Question 10

How many bonding pairs does an octahedral have? What is the bond angle

Answer 10

6 pairs, 90°

Question 11

What is electronegativity?

Answer 11

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 12

What happens it you increase the electronegativity?

Answer 12

Increases the electrons attracted to it

Question 13

What are the three factors affecting electronegativity?

Answer 13

Atomic charge,distance from nucleus, electron shielding

Question 14

How does electronegativity increase in the periodic table?

Answer 14

Across the groups and up the period

Question 15

Would the dipole be negative or positive it the atom was more electronegative than the other?

Answer 15

Negative

Question 16

What happens to the dipole is there is a greater difference of electronegarivity?

Answer 16

Greater permanent dipole

Question 17

What is a permanent dipole?

Answer 17

The charge difference between two bonded atoms of different electronegativities

Question 18

Are symmetrical bonds polar or non polar?

Answer 18

Non polar

Question 19

What are symmetrical molecules?

Answer 19

There are not just areas of just positive or just negative charge

Question 20

Which is the most electronegative element?

Answer 20

Fluorine

Question 21

What effect on polarity do lone pairs have?

Answer 21

Can cancel out dipoles created by bonding pairs

Question 22

What are intermolecular forces?

Answer 22

Weak interactions between dipoles of different molecules

Question 23

What are London forces? And what are they caused by?

Answer 23

Weak intermolecular forces caused by very small dipoles in molecules.

Question 24

What are factors affecting strength ?

Answer 24

The greater the number of electrons in each molecule,the larger the oscillating and induced dipoles and the greater the attractive forces between molecules

Question 25

What is a polar molecule?

Answer 25

A molecule which atoms have significant differences in their electronegativity and a dipole created

Question 26

What elements can hydrogen bonding occur?

Answer 26

Fluorine, nitrogen and oxygen

Question 27

What is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 27

Special type of dipole-dipole interaction

Question 28

Why does hydrogen only bond with specific atoms?

Answer 28

Hydrogen has a high density and F,N and O are highly electronegative

Question 29

What is the best example of hydrogen bonding?

Answer 29

Water

Question 30

What happens to water when it freezes?

Answer 30

The density decreases

Question 31

What is the structure of ice and what happens to it when it melts?

Answer 31

Diamond structure and it will collapse

Question 32

What happens to most simple molecular lattices (minus h20)?

Answer 32

They sublime, water doesn't due to the hydrogen bonds

Question 33

What properties do water get from hydrogen bonds?

Answer 33

Relatively high viscosity and surface tension

Question 34

What happens to the surface tension on q liquid if you disrupt the hydrogen bonds?

Answer 34

It decreases