Chapter 6 Flashcards
(236 cards)
1
Q
The body cavity that contains many of the major organs in digestion and excretion. it is located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis
A
Abdomen
2
Q
Hey Siri the depression on the lateral pelvis where is three components bone join, in which the femoral head fits snugly 
A
Acetabulum
3
Q
The nucleotide involved in energy metabolism; used to store energy
A
Adenosine triphosphate ATP
4
Q
Endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system
A
Adrenal glands
5
Q
Pertaining to the nerves that release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, or noradrenaline; also pertains to the receptors acted on by norepinephrine 
A
adrenergic
6
Q
Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen
A
Aerobic metabolism
7
Q
Abnormal breathing pattern characterized by slow, gasping breaths, sometimes seen in patients in cardiac arrest
A
Agonal gasps
8
Q
Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause constriction of blood vessels
A
Alpha-adrenergic receptors
9
Q
The air sacs of the lungs in which exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place
A
Alveoli
10
Q
Metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the main biproduct is lactic acid
A
Anaerobic metabolism
11
Q
The position of reference in which the patient stands facing forward, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward
A
Anatomic position
12
Q
The study of physical structure of the body and its components
A
Anatomy
13
Q
The main artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body
A
Aorta
14
Q
The portion of the skeletal system that comprises the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle
A
Appendicular skeleton
15
Q
A small, tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen
A
Appendix
16
Q
Apparently layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces of bones in synovial joints
A
Articular cartilage
17
Q
The smallest branch of arterials leading to the vast network of capillaries
A
Arterioles 
18
Q
One of the two upper chambers of the heart
A
Atrium
19
Q
The part of the nervous system that regulates functions, such as digestion and sweating, that are not controlled voluntarily
A
Autonomic nervous system
20
Q
The part of the skeleton comprising the school, vertebral, and rib cage
A
Axial skeleton
21
Q
Extension of a neuron that carry impulses away from the nerve cell body To the dendrite of another neuron
A
Axons
22
Q
A joint that allows internal and external rotation as well as bending
A
Ball and socket joint
23
Q
Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause an increase in the force of contraction of the heart, and increase heart rate, and bronchial dilation
A
 beta- adrenergic receptors
24
Q
The large muscle that covers the front of the humerus
A
Bicep
25
The duct that convey bile between the liver and intestines
Bile duct
26
The pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them
Blood pressure BP
27
The major vessel in the upper extremities that supplies blood to the arm
Brachial artery
28
The controlling organ of the body and center of consciousness; functions include perception, control of reactions to the environment, emotional responses, and judgment
Brain
29
The area of the brain between spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum; controls functions that are necessary for life, such as respiration
Brainstem
30
The heel bone
Calcaneus
31
The tiny blood vessels between the arterioles and venules the permit transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, Nutrients, and waste between body tissues and the blood
Capillary vessels 
32
The heart muscle
Cardiac muscle
33
A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in one minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate
Cardiac output CO
34
The major artery that supplies blood to the head and brain
Carotid artery
35
Small bones that composed the wrist
Carpals
36
The smooth connective tissue that forms the support structure of the skeletal system and provides cushioning between bone; also forms the nasal septum and portions of the outer ear
Cartilage
37
The first part of the large intestine, and into which the ileum opens
Cecum
38
Set of chemical reactions that supply sells with energy. Includes both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism
Cellular metabolism
39
The brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system CNS
40
One of the three major subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called a little brain; coordinates to various activities of the brain, particularly fine body movements
Cerebellum
41
Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the menigies
Cerebrospinal fluid CSF
42
The largest part of the three subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the gray matter; made up of several lobes that control movement, hearing, balance, speech, visual perception, emotions, and personality
Cerebrum
43
The portion of the vertebral column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck
Cervical spine
44
Thin bands of fibrous tissue that attaches to the valves of the heart and prevent them from inverting
Chordae tendineae 
45
The substance that leaves the stomach. It was a combination of all of the eaten foods with added stomach acids
Chyme
46
The complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterials, capillaries, venules, and veins, that moves blood, oxygen, Nutrients, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste throughout the body
Circulatory system
47
The collarbone; it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula
Clavicle
48
The last three or four vertebrae of the spine; the tailbone
Coccyx
49
Imaginary playing where the body is divided into front and back parts
Coronal (frontal) plane 
50
The hip bones
Coxae/ coxa
51
The part of the skull that encloses the brain and is composed of eight bones
Cranium
52
A firm Ridge of the cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx
Cricoid cartilage
53
A thin sheet of fascia that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilage that makes up the larynx
Cricothyroid membrane
54
Any portion of the airway that does not contain air and cannot participate in gas exchange, such as the trachea and bronchi
Dead space
55
The inner layer of the skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings and blood vessels
Dermis
56
A muscular dome that forms the undersurface of the thorax, separating the chest from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of this brings air into the lungs. Relaxation allows air to be expelled from the lungs
Diaphragm
57
The relaxation, or period of relaxation, of the heart, especially of the ventricles
Diastole
58
Movement of a gas from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion
59
The processing of food that nourishes the individual cells of the body
Digestion
60
The artery on the anterior surface of the foot between the first and second metatarsal
Dorsalis pedis artery
61
The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones
Endocrine system
62
Substances design to speed up the rate of specific biochemical reactions
Enzyme
63
The outer layer of the skin, which is made up of cells that are sealed together to form a watertight protective covering for the body
Epidermidis
64
A thin, leaf shaped valve that allows air to pass into the trachea that prevents food and liquid from entering
Epiglottis
65
A substance produced by the body, and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increases pulse rate and blood pressure; the drug of choice for an anaphylactic reaction
Epinephrine
66
A collapsible tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach; muscle contractions propels food and liquids through it to the stomach 
Esophagus
67
The amount of air that can be exhaled following a normal exhalation; average volume is about 1200 ML in the average adult man
Expiratory reserve volume
68
The straightening of a joint
Extension
69
The tubes that connect each ovary with the uterus and our primary location for fertilization of the Ovum
Fallopian tubes
70
The major artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery. It supplies blood to the lower abdominal wall, external genitalia, and legs. It can be palpated in the groin area
Femoral artery
71
The proximal end of the femur, articulating with the acetabulum to form the hip joint
Femoral head
72
The thigh bone; the longest in one of the strongest bones in the body
Femur
73
The smaller of the two bones that form the lower leg, located on the lateral side
Fibula
74
The bending of a joint
Flexion
75
A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord
Foraman magnum
76
The bones of the cranium that form the forhead
Frontal lobes
77
A sac on the undersurface of the liver that collects bile from the liver and discharges it into the duodenum through the common bile duct
Gallbladder
78
The reproductive system in men and women
Genital system
79
The deepest layer of the upper dermis where new skin cells are formed
Germinal layer 
80
Bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the side just below the hip joint
Greater trochanter
81
The small organs that produce hair
Hair follicles
82
A hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the body
Heart
83
The number of heartbeats during a specific time
Heart rate HR
84
And oxygen carrying protein found in red blood cells
Hemoglobin
85
Joints that can bend and straighten but cannot rotate; they restrict motion to one plane
Hinge joint
86
Substances formed in specialized organs or glands and carried to another organ or group of cells in the same organism; they regulate many body functions, including metabolism, growth, and body temperature
Hormones
87
The supporting bone of the upper arm
Humerus
88
The pressure of water against the walls of its container
Hydrostatic pressure
89
An abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, Also called hypercarbia
Hypercapnia
90
A condition in which the Circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular function; also called shop
Hypoperfusion
91
Deficient oxygen concentration in the tissues
Hypoxia
92
A back of system to control respiration, Senses dropped in the oxygen levels in the blood
Hypoxic drive
93
One of the three bones that Fuse together to form the pelvic ring
Ileum
94
One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the lower extremities and the pelvis and the abdominal organs to the heart
Inferior vena cava
95
The amount of air that can be inhaled after in normal inhalation; the amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to the normal tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
96
The space in between the cells
Interstitial space
97
Tough, elastic structures between adjoining vertebrae that active shock absorbers
Intervertebral discs
98
The space within a cell or cells
Intercellular space
99
The muscle over which a person has no conscious control. It is found in many automatic regulating systems of the body
Involuntary muscle
100
One of three bones the fuse to form the pelvic ring
Ischium
101
The place where two bones come into contact; also called articulation
Joint
102
The fibrous sac that encloses a joint
Joint capsule
103
Two retroperitoneal organs that excrete the end products of metabolism as urine and regulate the body salt and water contacts
Kidneys
104
The use use of muscles of the chest, back, and abdomen to assist and expanding the chest; occurs when air movement is impaired
Labored breathing
105
Metabolic byproduct of the breakdown of glucose that accumulates when metabolism proceeds in the absence of Oxygen
Lactic acid
106
The Portion of the digestive tube that encircles the abdomen around the small bowel, consisting of the cecum, colon, and the rectum. It helps regulate water balance and eliminate Solid waste
Large intestine
107
The projection on the medial/superior portion of the femur
Lesser trochanter
108
Band of fibrous tissue that connects bones to joints
Ligament
109
A large solid organ that lies in the right upper quadrant immediately below the diaphragm; it produces bile, stores glucose for immediate used by the body, and produces many substances that help regulate immune response
Liver
110
The lower part of the back, formed by the lowest Five non-fused vertebrae; also called the dorsal spine
Lumbar spine
111
A thin straw-colored fluid that carries oxygen, Nutrients, and hormones to the cells and carries waste products of the metabolism away from the cells and back into the capillaries so that they may be excreted
Lymph 
112
Tiny oval shaped structures located in various places along the lymph vessels that filter lymph
Lymph nodes
113
A rounded bony prominence on either side of the ankle; also called the ankle bone
Malleolus
114
The bone of the Lower jaw
Mandible
115
The upper quadrant of the sternum
Manubrium 
116
The upper jaw bones that assist in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the pallet and hold the upper teeth
Maxillae
117
Nervous tissue that is continuous inferiorly with the spinal cord; serves as a conduction pathway for ascending and descending nerve track; coordinates heart rate, blood vessel diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing
Medulla oblongata
118
The bio chemical process that results in the production of energy from Nutrients within cells
Metabolism
119
Bones of the hand, situated between the carpals and phalanges
Metacarpals
120
Bones of the foot, situated between the tarsals and phalanges
Metatarsals
121
The part of the brain that is responsible for helping to regulate the level of consciousness so
Midbrain
122
An imaginary vertical line drawn from the middle of the forehead through the nose and the umbilicus to the floor, dividing the body into equal left and right halves
Midsagittal plane (midline)
123
The volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs per minute ; calculated by multiplying the title volume and respiratory rate; also called minute ventilation
Minute volume
124
Nerves that carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body
Motor nerves
125
The lining of the body cavities and passages that communicate directly or indirectly with the environment outside the body
Mucous membrane
126
The watery secretion of the mucous membrane that lubricates the body openings
Mucus
127
The bones and voluntary muscles of the body
Musculoskeletal
128
The heart muscle
Myocardium
129
The part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth or palate
Nasopharynx
130
The system that controls virtually all activities of the body, both voluntary and involuntary
Nervous system
131
The functional unit of the nervous system; also called nerve cells
Neurons
132
Neural transmitter and drug sometimes used in treatment of shock; produces vasoconstriction through its alpha simulator properties
Norepinephrine 
133
The most posterior bone of the cranium
Occipital bone
134
The pressure of water to move, typically into the capillary, as the result of the presence of plasma proteins
Oncotic pressure
135
The eyesocket, made up of the maxilla and zygoma
Orbit
136
Tubular structure that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea
Oropharynx
137
The primary female reproductive organ that produces an ovum, or egg, that, if fertilized, will develop into a fetus
Ovaries
138
A flat solid organ that lies below the liver and the stomach; it is a major source of digestive enzymes and produces the hormone insulin
Pancreas
139
A subdivision of the Autonomic nervous system, Involved in controlling voluntary functions, mediated largely by the vagus nerve through the chemical acetylcholine 
Parasympathetic nervous system
140
The bones that lie between the temporal and occipital regions of the cranium
Parietal bones
141
The kneecap; a specialized phone that lies within the tendon of the quadricep muscle
Patella
142
The study of how normal physiological processes or effected by disease
Pathophysiology
143
The supporting structure for the legs, which serves to connect the legs to the axial skeleton
Pelvic girdle
144
The supporting structure for the arms, which attaches the arms to the axial skeleton. It comprises the clavicle and scapulae; also called the shoulder girdle
Pectoral girdle
145
The circulation of oxygenated blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the current needs of the cell
Perfusion
146
The part of the nervous system that consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerve; these maybe sensory nerves, motor nerves, or connecting nerves
Peripheral nervous system PNS
147
Wavelike contractions of smooth muscle by which the Ureters or other tubular organs propeller their contents
Peristalsis
148
The bones of the fingers and toes
Phalanges
149
The study of normal functions of living organisms and their part
Physiology
150
Sticky, yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and Nutrients and transport cellular waste material to the organs of excretion
Plasma
151
Tiny, disc shaped elements that are much smaller than cells; they are essential in the initial formation of a blood clot; the mechanism that stops bleeding
Platelets
152
Serous membrane covering the lungs and lining of the thorax, completely and closing a potential space known as the pleural space
Pleura 
153
The potential space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura; described as potential because under normal conditions the space does not exist
Pleural space
154
An organ that lies below the midbrain and above the medulla and contains numerous important nerve fibers, including those for sleep, respiration, and the medullary respiratory center
Pons
155
The ordery just behind the medial malleus; supplies blood to the foot
Posterior tibial artery
156
A small gland that surrounds the male urethra where it emerges from the urinary bladder; it secretes a fluid that is part of the ejaculatory fluid
Prostate gland
157
Hard, bony, and cartilaginous prominence found at the midline in the Lower most portion of the abdomen where the two halves of the pelvic ring or joined by cartilage add a joint with minimal motion
Pubic symphysis
158
One of the three bones that form the pelvic ring
Pubis
159
The major artery leading from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs; carries oxygen poor blood
Pulmonary artery
160
The flow of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries and all of their branches in capillaries in the lungs and back to the left atrium through the venules and pulmonary vein; also called the lesser circulation
Pulmonary circulation
161
The four veins the return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
Pulmonary veins
162
The Wave of pressure created as a heart contracts and forces blood out of the left ventricle into the major arteries
Pulse
163
The major artery in the forearm; it is possible that the wrist on the thumb side
Radial artery
164
The bone on the Thumb side of the forearm
Radius
165
The lower most end of the colon
Rectum
166
Cells that carry oxygen to the body tissues; also called a Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
167
A cone shaped area that collects urine from the kidneys and funneled through the ureter into the bladder
Renal pelvis
168
The air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
Residual volume
169
The inhaling and exhaling of air; the physiolologic process that exchanges carbon dioxide from fresh air
Respiration
170
The inability of the body to move gas Effectively
Respiratory compromise
171
All of the structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing, Consisting of the upper and lower airway is in there component parts
Respiratory system
172
Located in the upper brainstem; responsible for maintenance of consciousness, specifically one level of arousal
Reticular activating system RAS
173
Behind the abdominal cavity
Retroperitoneal
174
The connection point between the pelvis and vertebral column
Sacroiliac joint
175
One of the three bones that make up the pelvic ring; consists of five fused sacral vertebrae
Sacrum
176
An imaginary line where the body is divided into left and right parts
Sagittal plane
177
Glands that produce saliva to keep the mouth and pharynx moist
Salivary gland
178
The thick skin covering the cranium, which usually bears hair
Scalp
179
Glands that produce an oily substance called sebum, which discharge is along the shafts of the hairs
Sebaceous glands
180
The shoulder blade
Scapula
181
Fluid ejaculated from the penis and containing sperm
Semen
182
Storage sacs for sperm in seminal fluid, which empty into the urethra at the prostate
Seminal vesicles
183
The nerves that carry sensation such as Touch, taste, smell, heat, cold, and pain from the body to the central nervous system
Sensory nerves
184
A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion
Shock
185
Muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses and at least one joint; striated, or voluntary, muscle
Skeletal muscle
186
The framework of the body, compose the bones and other connective tissues, that supports and protects internal organs and other body tissues
Skeletal system
187
The portion of the digestive tube between the stomach And cecum, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum 
Small intestine
188
Involuntary muscle; it Constitutes the bulk of the gastrointestinal tract and his present in nearly every organ to regulate automatic activity
Smooth muscle
189
Apart of the nervous system that regulates activities over which there is voluntary control
Somatic nervous system
190
Muscles arranged in circles that are able to decrease the diameter of tubes. Examples are found within the rectum, bladder, and blood vessels
Sphincters
191
Device used to measure blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer
192
An extension of the brain, composed virtually all the nerves carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body. It lives inside up and is protected by the spinal canal
Spinal cord
193
The breast bone
Sternum
194
The outer most or dead layer of the skin
Stratum corneum
195
The volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction
Stroke volume SV
196
Tissue, largely fat, that lies directly under the dermis and serves as an insulator of the body
Subcutaneous tissue
197
One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the upper extremities, head, neck, and chest into the heart
Superior vena cava
198
The glands that secrete sweat located in the dermal layer of the skin
Sweat glands
199
 the adrenergic Part of the autonomic peripheral nervous system responsible for the flight or fight response
Sympathetic nervous system
200
Joints that have grown together to form a very stable connection
Symphyses
201
The small amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication
Synovial fluid
202
The lining of a joint that secrete synovial fluid into the joint space
Synovial membrane
203
The portion of the circulatory system outside the heart and lungs
Systemic circulation
204
The resistance the blood must overcome to be able to move within the blood vessel; related to the amount of dilation of Constriction in the blood vessel
Systemic vascular resistance SVR
205
The contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart especially that of the ventricles
Systole
206
The group of bone situated between the lower leg bone and the metatarsal bones of the foot
Tarsals
207
The lateral bones on each side of the cranium; the temples
Temporal bones
208
The fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Tendon
209
A male genital glands that contain specialized cells that produce hormones and sperm
Testicle
210
The chest or rib cage
Thoracic cage
211
The 12 vertebrae that line between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. One pair of ribs is attached to each of these vertebrae
Thoracic spine
212
The chest cavity that contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels
Thorax
213
A firm prominence of cartilage that forms the upper part of the larynx; the Adam’s apple
Thyroid cartilage
214
The shin bone; the larger of the two bones of the lower legs
Tibia
215
The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs and one relaxed breath; about 500 ML for an adult
Tidal volume
216
The superficial landmarks of the body that service guides to the structures that lie beneath them
Topographic anatomy
217
The windpipe; the main trunk for air passing to and from the lungs
Trachea
218
An imaginary line where the body is divided into top and bottom parts
Transverse (axial) plane
219
The muscle in the back of the upper arm
Tricep
220
The middle and thickest layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall, composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells that allowed vessel to expand or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue demand
Tunica media
221
The inner bone of the forearm, on the opposite side of the thumb
Ulna
222
The navel; also called the belly button
Umbilicus
223
A small, hollow tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Ureter
224
A sac behind the pubic symphysis made of smooth muscle that collects and stores urine
Urinary bladder
225
The canal that conveys urine from the bladder to the outside the body
Urethra
226
The organs that control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood and excreted as urine
Urinary system
227
The outermost cavity of a woman’s reproductive tract; the lower part of the birth canal
Vagina
228
The movement of air between the lungs and the environment
Ventilation
229
One of two lower chambers of the heart
Ventricle
230
The bones of the vertebral column
Vertebrae
231
The structure formed by the 33 vertebrae, separated by intervertebral discs. Houses and protects the spinal cord; also called the spinal column
Vertebral column
232
Muscle that is under direct voluntary control of the brain and can be contracted or relaxed at Will; skeletal or Striated, muscle
Voluntary muscle
233
A measurement that examines how much gas is being moved effectively and how much blood is flowing around the alveoli where gas exchange (perfusion) occurs
V/Q ratio
234
Blood cells that have a role in the body’s immune defense mechanism against infection; also called leukocytes
White blood cells
235
The narrow , cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum
Xiphoid process
236
The quadrangular bones of the cheek, articulating with the frontal bone, the maxillae, the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, and the great wings of the sphenoid bones
Zygomas
