Chapter 6 Flashcards
THE PROCESS, WHICH MAKES AVAILABLE TO THE INDIVIDUAL SOMETHING HE HAS LEARNED PREVIOUSLY.
Memory
THE PROCESS BY WHICH INFORMATION (NEW KNOWLEDGE) IS INITIALLY RECORDED IN A FORM USABLE TO MEMORY.
Encoding
T/F
ØINFORMATION WITH ASSOCIATIONS TO THINGS ALREADY KNOWN WILL BE ENCODED MORE EFFECTIVELY. WE USE THE NETS WOVEN BY PAST EXPERIENCES TO CAPTURE NEW INFORMATION.
True
SERIAL POSITION EFFECT
Primacy and Recency Effect
ENHANCED MEMORY PERFORMANCE FOR THOSE ITEMS IN THE BEGINNING OF THE SEQUENCE
Primacy Effect
ENHANCED MEMORY PERFORMANCE FOR THOSE ITEMS AT THE END OF THE SEQUENCE
Recency Effect
IT IS THE “STORING PROCESS” OF WHAT WAS REQUIRED. RETENTION DEPENDS ON THE ENCODING PROCESS: WELL-ENCODED MATERIAL IS BETTER RETAINED.
Retention
DECREASE IN RETENTION is ______
Forgetting
AT PRESENT, MOST RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT _________ IS THE KEY PROCESS IN FORGETTING.
Interference
THE PHENOMENON BY WHICH RECALL IS HINDERED BECAUSE OF OTHER INFORMATION ALREADY IN MEMORY
Interference
NEW LEARNING INTERFERES WITH THE RECALL OF INFORMATION LEARNED EARLIER
Retroactive Interference
INFORMATION LEARNED EARLIER INTERFERES WITH THE RECALL OF MATERIAL LEARNED LATER.
Proactive Interference
MEANINGFUL UNITS OF INFORMATION THAT MAY VARY DEPENDING ON THE CIRCUMSTANCES.
Chunks
S A LEARNING TECHNIQUE THAT INVOLVES BREAKING DOWN LARGE PIECES OF CONTENT INTO SMALLER CHUNKS THAT ARE EASIER TO PROCESS AND REMEMBER.
Chunking
THE PROCESS BY WHICH MATERIAL IN MEMORY STORAGE IS LOCATED, BROUGHT INTO AWARENESS, AND USEd
Retrieval or Remembering
THE PROCESS OF DRAWING FROM MEMORY A SPECIFIC PIECE OF INFORMATION FOR A SPECIFIC PURPOSE.
Recall
Tip of the tongue phenomena
Recall
STIMULUS SUCH AS A WORD, SMELL, SOUND THAT GUIDES A PERSON THROUGH THE INFORMATION STORED IN MEMORY.
Retrieval cue
THE PROCESS OF ACKNOWLEDGING PRIOR EXPOSURE TO A GIVEN STIMULUS.
Recognition
THE PROCESS WHEREIN ONE REMEMBERS NOT ONLY A SPECIFIC EVENT, BUT ALSO ALL THE DETAILS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF THIS EVENT WITH ITS SETTING IN TIME AND PLACE. EX. WHERE WERE YOU WHEN YOU LEARNED ABOUT THE BAGUIO KILLER EARTHQUAKE OF JULY 16, 1990? THESE MEMORIES ARE CALLED “FLASHBULB MEMORIES” SINCE THEY ARE SO VIVID, AS IF THEY REPRESENTED A SNAPSHOT OF THE EVENT.
Redintegration
Types of Memory
Short-Term Memory
AND LTM
WHERE INFORMATION IS HELD WHILE IT IS CONSCIOUS AND BEING USED. IT HOLDS ABOUT THREE TO FIVE ITEMS OF INFORMATION AND LASTS ABOUT 30 SECONDS WITHOUT REHEARSAL.
STM
REFERS TO SIMPLE STORAGE OF INFORMATION,
Stm
INVOLVES MANIPULATION OF THE INFORMATION WITHIN STM;
Working Memory
