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RST 230 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

underclass

A

a. Low low class
b. Long term chronically unemployed
c. Poor on social assistance
d. Chronically homeless

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2
Q

Economic Capital

A

Economic resources

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3
Q

Social Capital

A

i. Access to resources based in networks of influence and support group memberships
ii. Who you know

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4
Q

Cultural Capital

A

i. Education, skills, knowledge that a person has that give him o her higher status in society
ii. What you know

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5
Q

Poverty (Census Poverty)

A

a. The census bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty

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6
Q

Relative Poverty

A

i. People who are considered poor are those who don’t have income who could support acceptable standard of living according to community norms

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7
Q

Poverty Rates

A

11.8% = 38.1 million

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8
Q

Spatial distribution of poverty in the U.S.

A

a. 1: Mississippi
b. 2: south east in U.S
c. 3: Appalachian belt
d. 4: 4 corners
e. 5: native reservations
f. 6: rio grande valley

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9
Q

Forced Leisure

A

i. Did that have a choice
ii. Forced upon us

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10
Q

True Leisure

A

i. Leisure that you made the choice to participate

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11
Q

Benefits of leisure for the unemployed

A

a. Helps them structure their time
b. Gives statisfaction
c. Maintain relationships
d. Can give you a job
e. Better mental health

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12
Q

Homelessness rates in the U.S

A

a. About 1% of the U.S
b. 3 million

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13
Q

Reasons for homelessness

A

a. Lost job
b. Eviction
c. Spousal abuse
d. Divorce
e. Alcohol and drugs

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14
Q

Characteristics of homeless people

A

a. Single men
b. Family with children
c. Single women
d. Unaccompanied teens
e. Veterans
f. Alcoholics and drug addicts
g. Mental illness

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15
Q

Stages of homelessness

A

Marginally, Recently, and Chronically

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16
Q

Marginally Homelessness

A

Near or slightly below poverty line
No shelter
Rely on friends
Moving in and out

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17
Q

Recently Homelessness

A

i. Less than 1 year
ii. See their situation as temporarily
iii. Relies on shelters
iv. No abuse or mental issues
v. Live in cars

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18
Q

Chronically Homelessness

A

i. Stereotypical
ii. More than a year
iii. 4 episodes of homelessness in the last 3 years and have a disabling condition

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19
Q

Benefits of leisure for the homeless

A

Improves their job skills

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20
Q

Recreation programs for the homeless

A

Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3

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21
Q

Stage 1

A

i. Don’t need a special program
ii. All they need is help accessing recreational services

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22
Q

Stage 2

A

i. Computer games
ii. Working on resume
iii. Reading
iv. Art
v. Physical activity

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23
Q

Stage 3

A

i. Convince them to shelters
ii. Work on abuse
1. To stay clean

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24
Q

The number and proportion of older adults in the U.S.

A

a. 78.9 years
total
b. 76.4 for men and 81.4 for women
c. In 2020, 16.9% of US population was over 65 years of age

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25
Reasons for the growth of the elderly population
a. Baby booms are retiring b. Increase in life expectancy i. Improvement in medicine ii. Live healthier 1. Not all of them smoke iii. Improvements in transportation 1. Cars and roads are safer now iv. Lower fertility rates
26
Geographic distribution of older adults
a. Move to warmer b. Southern states
27
Sources of income among older adults
a. Biggest: social security b. 2: earnings c. 3: pensions d. 4: assert income
28
Old age dependency
Old age - population aged 65 yrs and over/ x 100 Population aged 20 to 64 years
29
Chronological Age
Actual age
30
Functional Age
i. Ability to carry out activities of daily living ii. Ability to live independently
31
Social construction of aging
a. Age is socially constructed -- A society has certain assumptions of capabilities, roles and responsibilities, rights and privileges based on age
32
Sensory system
i. Smell decreases ii. Hearing decreases iii. Vision worses iv. Touch isn’t the same v. Taste changes
33
Musculoskeletal system
i. Bones, muscles, ligaments, cartilage, and tendons ii. The elasticity of connective tissue decreases iii.Osteoporosis 1. Bones lose calcium 2. Among women in menopause iv. Decrease in muscle mass and strength
34
Respiratory system
i. Loss of elasticity hardening and stiffening of support issues and airways ii. Decrease amount of air in and out of lungs iii. Lower ability to cope with air pollutants
35
Cardiovascular system
i. Heart muscle becomes less elastic ii. The walls of the heart thicken 1.High blood pressure iii. Arteries become less elastic
36
Nervous system
i. Brain reduces in size and weight ii. Loos of neurons and an increase in reaction time
37
Cocktail party effect
Inability to distinguish foreground sound from background conversation
38
Fluid Intelligence
1. Biologically determines 2. Decreases with age 3. Increases in late teens 4. Given from the intelligence of both of our parents
39
Crystallized intelligence
1. Based on learning 2. Increases with age 3. Comes with experience
40
Sensory Memory
Received by our senses
41
Short-term
Information from our sensory is temporarily stored
42
Long-term
Where you know everything forever
43
Life Span
Maximum of years for a human
44
Life Expectancy
A projected # of years a person is expected to live based on genetics and environments
45
Core leisure activities
i. Participation is stable throughout life span ii. Cheap iii. Not a lot of skills or resources
46
Balance Leisure activities
i. Participation changes depending on the roles and responsibilities you assume with age and physical abilities ii. Acquires resources and skills
47
Leisure Motivations among older adults
a. Health becomes much more important b. Want to feel younger c. Decrease wrinkles
48
Leisure constraints among older adults
a. Physical i.Hard to walk ii.Hard to do anything b. Social networks decrease i.Friends are dying c. Mental capabilities are declining d. Physical barriers i.Can’t go out in harsh climate conditions
49
Disability
Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal
50
Impairment
Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function
51
Handicap
A disadvantage for a given individual that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal
52
What is arthritis and what are its symptoms?
a. Inflammation of the joint b. Gets worse overtime
53
Osteoarthritis
i. Most common ii. Wear and tear over time
54
Rheumatoid arthritis
i. Auto immune disorder ii. Chronic inflammatory condition iii. Can affect other parts of your body iv. Like the flue v. Lymph nodes enlarge
55
Providing leisure services for people with arthritis
a. Move their joints in all range of motion
56
What is cerebral palsy and what are its symptoms?
a. Caused by damage to the motor portions of the brain b. Doesn’t get worse or better
57
Spastic CP
i. 80% of cases ii. Permanently contract muscles iii. Shorter limbs iv. Tremor v. Eye issues
58
Dyskinetic CP
i. Slow twisting movements of muscles
59
Ataxic CP
i. Disturbance of balance ii. Intention tremor
60
What is multiple sclerosis and what are its symptoms?
a. Central nervous system b. Develop lesions in the myelin c. Symptoms i. Weakness, can’t walk, numbness, tingly, visual difficulties, balance, and lower strength
61
What is muscular dystrophy and what are its symptoms?
a. Genetic disorder b. Weakness of voluntary muscles
62
Duchenne/ childhood
passed down by the mom Only boys can get it Diagnosed by 5 years old Always fatal
63
Limb-girdle
1. Shoulder and back 2. Teens 3. Slowly progress
64
FSH MD
1. Face, neck, and shoulder 2. Late teens and 20s
65
What is poliomyelitis and what are its symptoms?
a. Caused by a virus b. Infection of central nervous system c. Any age d. Virus goes under the nose e. Symptoms i. Paralyzed ii.Can also vary f. You can get vaccines
66
What is spina bifida and what are its signs and symptoms?
a. Neurotube defect b. Bladder and bowel problems (incontinence) c. Sexual dysfunction. d. Weakness and loss of sensation below the defect. e. Inability to move the lower legs (paralysis) and other cognitive impairments.
67
SB Occulta
i. Not that serious ii. Doesn’t paralized iii. 10%-20%
68
SB Manifesta
i. Very serious ii. 1/1000 births iii. Meningocele 1.Approximately 4% 2.Cyst with tissue covering the spinal cord and cerebro 3.Spinal fliud iv. Myelomeningocele 1. 96% of Spinal Bifida children 2.Spinal fluid, nerves, and part of spinal cord 3.Spinal cord is damaged 4.Most likely can’t walk
69
What are the causes of traumatic brain injuries?
a. Car accident b. Fall anywhere c. Sports d. In order: falls, vehicle collisions, violence, sports, and explosives/ combat
70
What is CTE? What are its causes and symptoms?
a. A progressive degenerative disease within the brain resulting from several repeated TBIs b. Symptoms i.Memory loss, erratic behavior, aggression, and impaired judgment
71
What is the difference between impact and motion injury?
a.Impact I. A moving object striking a stationary hear or from a moving head striking a stationary object b.Motion i.Involves sudden acceleration/ deceleration of the brain within the skull ii.Something hits you so hard it moves your brain
72
What is the difference between closed head and open head TBI?
a.Closed i. An injury that doesn’t penetrate or fracture the skull b.Open i. The entry of an object into the brain
73
What are the major causes of spinal cord injuries?
1. Car= 39% 2. Falls= 30% 3. Violence= 14% 4.sport= 8% 5. Sport= 8%
74
What are the major sections of vertebra and bodily functions they are responsible for?
a.Cervical b.Thoracic c.Lumbar d.Sacral
75
Cervical
Head neck ii.Diaphragm iii.Biceps iv.Wrists v.Triceps vi.Hand
76
Thoracic
i.Chest muscles ii. Abdominal muscles
77
Lumbar
Leg muscles
78
Sacral
Bowel Bladder sexual function
79
Paraplegia
i. Lower extremities and lower torso high in spine ii. Hands are fine
80
Quadriplegia
i. Legs and arms affected ii. Very high in spine
81
What are the main causes of death among people with SCIs?
a. Pulmonary issues i. People aren’t moving and water accumulates b. Non-ischemic heart disease i. Not moving c. Violence i. Street violence and homicide by a family
82
What are the 4 brain lobes?
Frontal, Parietal , Occipital, Temporal Lobe, and the Brain stem with the Cerebellum
83
Frontal
voluntary movement, expressive language, and for managing higher-level executive functions - changes in personality -Changes in social behavior
84
Parietal
Processes your sense of touch and assembles input from your other senses into a form you can use -Being able to locate object in a space
85
Occipital
In charge of the vision -visual perception -defects in vision
86
temporal lobe
hearing ability -difficulty in memory, understanding words, and recognizing faces
87
brain stem and cerebellum
Stem: - breathing -heart rate Cerebellum: -balance -walking

RST 230 (1 decks)

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