chapter 6

Question 1

circular movement at a joint

Answer 1

circumduction

Question 2

the lower jaw bone

Answer 2

mandible

Question 3

shaft of a long bone

Answer 3

diaphysis

Question 4

• membranous area in the infant skull where bone has not yet formed
• “soft spot”

Answer 4

fontanels

Question 5

rotational movement of the forearm or the foot that turns them inward

Answer 5

pronation

Question 6

the thin vascular membrane in the long bone that lines the bone’s marrow cavity

Answer 6

endosteum

Question 7

• bone in the chest also known as the breastbone
• located in the center of enter and connects to the rib cage via cartilage

Answer 7

sternum

Question 8

small, fluid-filled sac found in an area subject to stress around bones and joints

Answer 8

bursae

Question 9

hard and dense, is a type of osseous tissue

Answer 9

compact bone

Question 10

(calf bone) located on the lateral side of the tibia

Answer 10

fibula

Question 11

eclastic bands of tissue that connect bones and support joints, allowing movement and stability

Answer 11

ligaments

Question 12

also known as cancellous bone, made of a meshwork of small, bony plates filled with red marrow type of osseous tissue

Answer 12

spongy

Question 13

type of movable joint

Answer 13

amphiarthrosis

Question 14

found in the spongy bone at the ends of the long bones and center of other bones

Answer 14

red

Question 15

contribute to the sides and base of the skull

Answer 15

temporal bone

Question 16

they are located in hands and feet; the thumbs and big toe have 2 phalanges while the other digits have 3

Answer 16

phalanges

Question 17

builds bone tissue

Answer 17

osteoblasts

Question 18

facial bones, forms an arch over the cheek

Answer 18

zygomatic bone

Question 19

bones of the hand

Answer 19

metacarpal cones

Question 20

a sharp projection from the surface of a bone

Answer 20

spine

Question 21

the thigh bone, the largest and strongest bone in the human body

Answer 21

femur

Question 22

long bone in the forearm, runs parallel to the radius

Answer 22

ulna

Question 23

a resilient and smooth type of connective tissue

Answer 23

cartilage

Question 24

long bone in the body, referred to as the collarbone; sits between the shoulder and the sternum at the top of the ribcage

Answer 24

clavicle

Question 25

5 main functions of the skeleton

Answer 25

- form a sturdy framework for the entire body - protects delicate structures - stores calcium and salts - produces blood cells in red bone marrow - works as levers with attached muscles to produce movement

Question 25

what and where is the haversian canal

Answer 25

units of bone tissue around central canal

Question 26

where is the spongy bone found

Answer 26

within the bone (red bone marrow)

Question 27

what is red marrow and where is it found

Answer 27

- found in the spongy bone and at the end of long bones and at the center of other bones - red bone marrow produces blood cells

Question 28

long, multinucleated cells responsible for the process of resorption which help the breakdown of bone tissue

Answer 28

osteoclasts

Question 29

builds bone tissue

Answer 29

osteoblasts

Question 30

mature osteoblasts that become trapped in the bone matrix, they maintain bone tissue

Answer 30

osteocytes

Question 31

a large projection of a bone

Answer 31

process

Question 32

a cavity or hollow space, most commonly an air filled chamber found in some skull bone

Answer 32

sinus

Question 33

a short channel or passageway usually the external opening of a canal

Answer 33

meatus

Question 34

a depression on a bone surface

Answer 34

fossa

Question 35

a hole that allows a vessel or a nerve to pass through or between bones

Answer 35

foramen

Question 36

a round projection from the surface of the bone

Answer 36

condyle

Question 37

2 bones that contribute to the the sides and base of the skull

Answer 37

parietal

Question 38

2 bones contribute to the sides and the base of the skull

Answer 38

temporal

Question 39

forms the skulls posterior portion and a part of its base

Answer 39

occipital

Question 40

- lies at the base of the skull anterior to the temporal bones and forms part of the eye orbit - resemble bat with wings

Answer 40

sphenoid bones

Question 41

shape like a blade of a plow, forms the inferior part of the nasal septum

Answer 41

vomer

Question 42

light and fragile bones located between the eyes

Answer 42

ethmoid

Question 43

when seen from a superior view, it resembles a bat with wing lied at the base of the skull anterior to the temporal bones and part of the eye orbit

Answer 43

sphenoid

Question 44

form the posterior part of the hard palate

Answer 44

palatine bones

Question 45

- last bones of ribs that have no anterior attachment - 2 of them

Answer 45

floating ribs

Question 46

remaining bones after the true bones of rib cage

Answer 46

false ribs

Question 47

2 relatively flat bone surfaces slide over each other with little change in the joint angle

Answer 47

gliding

Question 48

a convex surface of the one bone that fits into the concave surface of another bone allowing movement in one direction

Answer 48

hinge

Question 49

an oval shaped protection of one bone fits into an oval shaped depression

Answer 49

condyloid

Question 50

similar to condyloid but deeper and allowing greater ROM

Answer 50

saddle

Question 51

surface of one bone fits into a deep cuplike depression in another bone

Answer 51

ball and socket

Question 52

which bones contain the foramen magnum

Answer 52

the occipital bone

Question 53

what and where an infant soft spot is

Answer 53

- the anterior fontanel - posterior fontane - sphenoid fontanel - the mastoid fontanel

Question 54

how many phalanges are found in each hand

Answer 54

14 are found

Question 55

where is the olecranon

Answer 55

it's in the humerus, at the posterior end

Question 56

where is the patella

Answer 56

- it's in the knee joint - it's a flat, rounded, triangular bone which articulates with femur and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of knee joint

Question 57

what is the proper name for shoulder girdle

Answer 57

pectoral girdle

Question 58

where is the acetabulum

Answer 58

locates at the top of the femur head and the articular cartilage

Question 59

where is the greater trochanter

Answer 59

located at the top of the femur

Question 60

5 differences between the male and female pelvis

Answer 60

- lighter in weight - the ilia is wider and more flared - the pubic arch - the anterior angle between the pelvic bones is wider - the pelvic inlet - the sider opening powered by the pubic joint and sacrum is wider and more rounded - the sacrum and coccyx are shorter and less curved

Question 61

skeletal changes with age

Answer 61

- los of calcium salts - decreased ability to form the protien framework ob which calcium salts are deposited - cellular metabolism slows - bones are eaker, less dense, and more fragile - fractures and other bone injuries heal more slowly - muscle tissue is lost throughout adult life - loss of balance and diminished reflexes - decrease in exercise causes the maintenance of bone tissue to decrease - loss of height - rib cartilages become calcifies and less flexible ans chesty may decrease in diameter by 2-3 cm, mostly the lower part - process of calcification so minerals may be deposited i and around the joints causing pain and limiting mobility

Question 62

circular movement at a joint

Answer 62

circumduction

Question 63

medial rotation of radius, palm ends in opposite direction compared to supination

Answer 63

pronation

Question 64

limb turns round its long axis

Answer 64

rotation

Question 65

moving away from the midline of the body

Answer 65

abduction

Question 66

moving toward the midline of the body

Answer 66

adduction

Question 67

bends the foot upward at the ankle

Answer 67

dorsiflexion

Question 68

bends foot downwards

Answer 68

plantar flexion